1. June 6, 20161 EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY CLIMATE CHANGE MASTER PLAN Presentation by JOHN MUNGAI Senior Meteorologist EAC During the meeting of the International Forum of Meteorological Societies Xiamen China, 3rd – 4th November 2011 EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY

2. June 6, 20162 Presentation Outline  Introduction  Impacts of climate change  Vision and Objectives of the Master Plan  Key Pillars of the CC MP  CC Interventions  Conclusion.

3. June 6, 20163 Map of East Africa

4. June 6, 20164 Introduction The East African Community Climate Change Master Plan (EACCCMP) is an outcome of a consultative and participatory process for a unified regional approach to combat climate change It is a 20 year blue print of climate change response in the EAC Climate change is impacting negatively on the economies of the East African Community (EAC) The purpose of the Master Plan is to provide and operationalise a comprehensive framework for adapting to and mitigating climate change in the EAC region Some of the sectors impacted by climate change include: water, energy, agriculture and food security, bio-diversity, health among others

5. June 6, 20165 Impacts of Climate Change

6. June 6, 20166 Impacts of Climate Change cont…

7. June 6, 20167 Vision, Objectives of CC  Vision:The People, the Economies and the Ecosystems of the EAC Partner States are climate resilient and adapt accordingly to Climate Change.  Objectives: is to strengthen regional cooperation to address climate change issues that concern regionally shared resources.  The Master Plan’s specific objectives are:  To provide an effective and integrated response to regional climate change adaptation;  To enhance the mitigation efforts by Partner States  To streamline and harmonise existing and on-going trans-boundary mitigation and adaptation projects or activities;  To foster strong international cooperation to address issues related to climate change including enhancing the negotiating ability of the Partner States in the African Union and other forums including the UNFCCC;  To mobilise financial and other resources to implement the above

8. June 6, 20168 Key Pillars of the Master Plan  Adaptation Interventions  Mitigation Interventions The Master Plan identifies the three most polluting sectors in the region as land use (forestry and agriculture), energy and transport and recommends mitigation interventions.  Research, Technology Development and Transfer Technology transfer calls for enhanced action on technology development and transfer to support action on mitigation and adaptation.  Capacity Building Capacities to undertake CC activities are low and the MP calls for concerted efforts to enhance capacities  Education, Training and Public Awareness climate change content in the education curricula of EAC Partner States at nearly all levels of education, ranging from primary through to tertiary is low. climate change education and training is limited to a few courses at some colleges and universities.  Gender, Youth and Marginalized Groups  Climate Risk Management and Disaster Risk Reduction  Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is consists of ways and means of minimising disaster risks by reducing the degree of vulnerability and increasing resilience capacity of the communities  Climate Finance

9. June 6, 20169 CC Interventions in the MP  Agriculture and Food Security  Adaptation in the Agricultural Sector  Creation/provision of special livestock and crops insurance schemes using weather insurance index;  Promotion of water-efficient irrigation agriculture;  Creation of strategic grains reserves as a form of post-harvest management;  Investment in water capture and storage infrastructure to harvest and store rainwater for agricultural use;  Investing in research and development (R&D), e.g. in breeding and dissemination of crop and livestock varieties suited to different agro-ecological zones and changing climatic conditions;  Promotion of crops and livestock types and varieties able to withstand the changing climatic conditions such as early-maturing crops and livestock;  Promotion of suitable forms of conservation agriculture (CA) to conserve soil and water (moisture);  Provision of mobile grain driers to respond to unusual wet conditions during harvesting;  Promotion of agroforestry;  Creation of livestock feed conservation programmes;  Creation of seed conservation programmes;  Investment in pest and disease monitoring and control measures;  Creation of pest and disease free-zones [livestock];  Creation of a robust early-warning system (EWS) to provide extension, advisory & outreach services to farmers and other users;  Provision of agricultural inputs, e.g. fertilisers, “improved” seeds and other plant materials through subsidies and other financial tools; and  Incorporation of indigenous/traditional/local knowledge on adaptation into modern/scientific knowledge, e.g., traditional knowledge of food preservation and rainfall forecasting/prediction integrated with modern knowledge 

10. June 6, 201610 Mitigation Interventions in Agricultural Sector Promotion of agroforestry; The use of biodigesters and related technologies to reduce methane emissions; Promotion of low-tillage regimes and other agricultural approaches that limit soil disturbance; Avoidance of fumigants such as methyl bromide (covered under the Montréal Protocol). Although this fumigant is being phased out, it is still used extensively in Africa.

11. June 6, 201611 Water Security  Adaptation Measures in the Water Sector  Promotion of integrated water resources management as a primary tool of water resources management;  Catchment and watersheds protection and management, e.g. through afforestation to create protected forest areas;  Roof, rock and other forms of rain water harvesting for domestic use;  Investment in more water capture and storage facilities including state schemes as well small dams/pans;  Ground water is currently underutilised in spite of the fact that aquifers provide high quality water.. Greater investment and in ground water exploration and abstraction as well as pollution control is required;  Early warning systems for floods and droughts;  Artificial recharge of dried-up aquifers;  Investment in more water supply and sanitation infrastructure;  Sustainable use of wetlands;  Protecting coastal freshwater resources and supplies from saltwater intrusion; and  Desalination of sea-water in coastal regions (as an adaptation strategy for salt- water intrusion).

12. June 6, 201612 Energy Security  promote energy diversification and exploitation of alternative renewable energy sources such as geothermal, wind, solar, biomass (including biomass waste) and biogas to avoid over-dependency on hydro sources  Promotion of energy conservation and efficiency  intensified rural electrification programmes  Improving access to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)  Promotion of waste to energy conversion programmes that make use of co-generation

13. June 6, 201613 Human Health, Sanitation and Settlements  Provision of adequate financial and human public health resources, including training, disease surveillance and emergency response as well as prevention and control programs;  Relocating humans from disaster prone areas e.g. from flood-prone areas to alternative safer areas;  Developing climate change awareness programmes involving all stakeholders;  Proper planning of urban settlements  Establishing insurance schemes to compensate persons and communities affected by climatic disasters;  Diversifying economic activities to improve the resilience of rural communities dependent on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture and livestock rearing;  Promotion of sustainable (environmental, social, and nutritional) public health interventions, e.g. urban tree planting to moderate temperature increases, safe biking instead of motorised transport, etc.

14. June 6, 201614 Physical Infrastructure  Factoring in climate change into building codes and practice.  Adopting the design and materials of construction of infrastructure that are able to withstand extreme weather events;  Factoring in potential impact of any future climate change mitigation action(s) on infrastructural service during its design stage.  Investment in low carbon and low-cost public transport modes such as bus rapid transit (BRT) and other means of mass transport;  Investment in efficient rail transport system for long distance and low carbon transportation of freight and passengers;  Imposition of strict vehicular emissions standards in tandem with measures to phase out old and inefficient (high fuel-consuming) motor vehicles, while encouraging the importation of efficient ones;  Proper urban and transport planning to facilitate efficient and low GHG modes of transportation, e.g. decongestion of roads, non-motorised transport (NMT) by means of creating bikeways and pedestrian walkways, etc;  Creating transport demand management measures that encourage or favour public transport and NMT, e.g. ensuring that markets or workplaces are as close to residential areas as possible; and

15. June 6, 201615 Ecosystems and Biodiversity  Protection of sensitive ecosystems through measures such as community driven ecosystem management particularly as a way of addressing the drivers of over- exploitation and degradation of key ecosystems;  Increasing national forest covers through tree planting, agroforestry, participatory forest management, rehabilitation of degraded areas, and diversification of tree species (indigenous species) to enhance resilience to drought and other adverse weather conditions, etc;  Rehabilitation and restoration of degraded habitats/ecosystems;  Collection and conservation of genetic resources of neglected indigenous species;  Adaptation Intervention in Coastal Area  Adaptation measures include the following:  Developing county-scale maps depicting which areas will require shore protection (e.g. dikes, bulkheads, beach nourishment) and which areas will be allowed to adapt naturally;  Analysing the environmental consequences of shore protection;  Promoting shore protection techniques that do not destroy all habitat;  Identifying land use measures to ensure that wetlands migrate as sea level rises in some areas;  Engaging state and local governments in defining responses to sea level rise; and  Improving early warning systems and flood hazard mapping for storms.

16. June 6, 201616 Tourism  Managerial measures; developing the domestic and regional tourism market to cushion the tourism industry against spill over effects of possible mitigation measures in the international aviation industry; initiation of resource (e.g. water) conservation plans as well as redirecting tourists away from vulnerable areas;  Technical measures; protection of coastal tourist resorts through construction of sea walls or naturally vegetated coastal dunes, designing buildings to be cyclone-proof, provision of early warning systems, etc;  Policy interventions, regulation of for instance building codes, compliance, coastal management plans, coordinated political lobbying for GHG emission reductions and adaptation mainstreaming, etc; and  Research interventions, e.g. assessing the level of awareness among businesses and tourists on climate change impacts, deducing knowledge gaps, and providing remedial measures. Other research interventions include predicting climate change impacts on ecosystems that form popular tourist attractions such as coral reefs to inform policy

17. June 6, 201617 Cross-Cutting Interventions (This is one area the EAMS can play a major role)  Education and Training Integrating climate change into the educational curricula Developing, strengthening and harmonising research programmes on issues regarding the impacts of, adaptation to and mitigation against climate change  Public Awareness Developing climate change training material and programmes for specific target groups i.e. women, men, children, youth, people with disabilities, religious groups, etc through Eco-tournaments, Edutainment (education-based entertainment), Individual voluntarism and graphical images, print and electronic media to pass climate change information; (T  Technology Development and Transfer  Climate Risk Management and Disaster Risk Reduction

18. June 6, 201618 Cross cutting interventions  Capacity Building Capacity Building in Adaptation Capacity Building in Finance Capacity Building of Meteorological Systems

19. June 6, 201619 challenges  Integrating Climate Change (CC) considerations into development  Building sufficient capacity for mitigation and adaptation  Ensuring coordination, harmonization, and enforcement of environmental protection policies, laws, and procedures at all levels  Providing sufficient resources for CC activities  Acquiring and/or adapting relevant modern technologies to local conditions

20. June 6, 201620 Expected Outcomes  Improved food security and opportunities for agricultural growth  Better protection from malaria and other climate sensitive diseases  Better management of water resources  Better management of disaster risks  Improved environmental sustainability  More judicious use of energy resources

21. June 6, 201621 Conclusion  MP has been was developed by the five countries and has taken their priorities on board  Implementation is going to require huge financial resources which we are in the process of raising  Outcome of the implementation will be a climate resilient East African Community  There is a big role to be played by National and regional Meteorological societies especially capacity building, public awareness, education and training

22. June 6, 201622. Thank you!