1. Do Now 10/24/14 What would happen if your body started attacking acetylcholine receptors in the muscle membrane? Think about your muscle contraction steps….be specific. Your answer should be no less than 4 sentences. THINK LIKE A DOCTOR!

2. Muscular Diseases!!!

3. Shin Splints (Tibial Stress Syndrome)

4. Shin Splints

6. Shin Splints Description Pain in or around the shin-usually felt during exercise

7. Shin Splints Causes The calf muscles become stretched (usually from walking or running up hills) causing the muscles in front of your shins to be over-used to compensate. Can also be stress fractures in the bone

8. Treatment-Shin Splints Anti-inflammatory medicine (ibuprofen), ice, reduced exercise for a few weeks (rest), wear shoes with arch support ▫Dixie cup treatment!

9. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

10. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Description Prolonged, debilitating fatigue over six months often with: headaches, sore throat, muscle and joint pain. Sleep and rest do not reduce the fatigue

11. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Causes Somewhat unknown. Could be genetic, stress related, an infection, or an autoimmune disorder.

12. Treatment- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Pacing (setting daily schedules for activities, exercise and other uses of energy)

13. Muscular Dystrophy

15. Muscular Dystrophy Description Muscles become very weak, break down, and waste away Can begin at any age and progress quickly or slowly depending on type

16. Muscular Dystrophy Causes Genetic ▫Typically mutations in the dystrophin gene (dystrophin is a gene that is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the muscles)

17. Treatment-Muscular Dystrophy No cure Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy

18. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

19. Carpel Tunnel Syndrome

20. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

21. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Description Repeatedly occurring numbness, tingling, burning or pain in fingers.

22. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Causes Often caused when inflammation of the tendons or muscles leads to pressure being exerted on the nerves into the hand.

23. Treatment- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Stretching, brace or wrist splint, anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce inflammation of tissues putting pressure on the nerves, surgery to cut the ligament above the median nerve

24. Myasthenia Gravis

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28. Myasthenia Gravis Description Muscle fatigue that gets better with rest but worse with activity. Muscles in the face (eyelids, facial expressions, talking, swallowing) are most common but it will also affect limbs

29. Myasthenia Gravis Causes Autoimmune disorder where the antibodies attack the acetylcholine receptors in the muscle membrane.

30. Treatment- Myasthenia Gravis Immunosuppressant drugs, drugs that stop the breakdown of acetylcholine, surgery on thymus can prevent progression of disease

31. Tendinitis

34. Tendinitis Description pain, stiffness, or burning sensation around a joint. Often made worse by exercise, and often triggered by stress

35. Tendinitis Causes The tendon becomes inflamed due to stretching or fatigue

36. Treatment- Tendinitis anti-inflammatory drug, physical therapy, RICE with gradual return to exercise

37. Pyomyositis

40. Pyomyositis Description Fever, muscle pain, pus-filled abscesses in the muscles, fatigue

41. Pyomyositis Causes Bacteria infection of the skeletal muscles (often the glutes and quads)

42. Treatment- pyomyositis The abscess within the muscles must be drained surgically and then treated with antibiotics

43. Fibromyalgia

44. Fibromyalgia Description Chronic, heightened pain in response to touch; sleep disturbance; muscle twitching, widespread fatigue;. Must last at least three months and must fail “pressure points test”

45. Fibromyalgia Causes Unknown. Genetic component Most theories deal with neurotransmitters.

46. Treatment- fibromyalgia Exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy, pain medication or antidepressants CBT combines two kinds of psychotherapy — cognitive therapy and behavior therapy. Cognitive therapy teaches you how certain thought patterns may play a role in worsening your symptoms. For instance, you may be thinking, “Now I'll never be able to play tennis again.” These thoughts can trigger anxiety and depression, which only make your pain worse. When you feel pain, try to keep your focus on the present. Avoid thoughts that take you to the future, such as, “How will I possibly get through the meeting tomorrow if I feel like this?” or the past, such as “I knew I shouldn't have gone bike riding yesterday.” Shifting your thoughts to other moments in time can often worsen the pain.

47. Diagnose the following patients A female tennis player comes in complaining that her shoulder has started to produce a burning sensation when she plays. You look at it and notice that the tendon seems to be inflamed. A patient comes in with a fever and large open sores on their legs that look to be filled with pus. They mention they had recently taken a trip to Costa Rica.