2. Bellringer #8 Open your books to page 32. Open your books to page 32. Look at the picture. Look at the picture. Scientists have mounted cameras on the heads of Weddell seals to gather information about their habits. The resulting film has yielded something unexpected: observations of the Antarctic silverfish and the Antarctic toothfish, two ecologically important species. Scientists have mounted cameras on the heads of Weddell seals to gather information about their habits. The resulting film has yielded something unexpected: observations of the Antarctic silverfish and the Antarctic toothfish, two ecologically important species. How might these videos help scientisits? How might these videos help scientisits?

3. Hunting habits and feeding relationships

4. Chicken of the Trees pg.30 Read and answer the questions

5. Homework Define all of the vocab words for Chapter 2. Define all of the vocab words for Chapter 2. The words and what page each word is on is listed on page 52. The words and what page each word is on is listed on page 52. There are 20 words. There are 20 words.

7. Bellringer #9 What kind of tools do you think scientists use? What kind of tools do you think scientists use?

9. Bellringer #10 What is an observation? What is an observation? Why might scientists be measuring the wolf’s tail in Figure 1 on page 33? Why might scientists be measuring the wolf’s tail in Figure 1 on page 33? Once they make the measurement, how might they use it? Once they make the measurement, how might they use it?

10. Chapter 2 Overview This chapter will not focus on the physical tools of environmental science, such as microscopes or computers. This chapter will not focus on the physical tools of environmental science, such as microscopes or computers. This chapter discusses tools of the mind: the mental and conceptual tools that scientists use to explore and understand the environment. This chapter discusses tools of the mind: the mental and conceptual tools that scientists use to explore and understand the environment. This chapter also explains the value of making informed decisions about the environment. This chapter also explains the value of making informed decisions about the environment.

11. Chapter Two – Tools of Environmental Science List and describe the steps of the experimental method. Describe why a good hypothesis is not simply a guess. Describe the two essential parts of a good experiment. Describe how scientists study subjects in which experiments are not possible.. Explain the importance of curiosity and imagination in science. Objectives

12. The Experimental Method Scientists make most of their discoveries using the experimental method. Scientists make most of their discoveries using the experimental method. This method consists of a series of steps that scientists worldwide use to identify and answer questions. This method consists of a series of steps that scientists worldwide use to identify and answer questions. These steps do not necessarily need to be followed in an exact sequence with each new experiment. These steps do not necessarily need to be followed in an exact sequence with each new experiment.

13. 1. 1. Observation - the process of obtaining information by using the senses as well as the information obtained by using the senses. Observing is the first step of the experimental method. Observing is the first step of the experimental method. Observations can take many forms, including descriptions, drawings, photographs, and measurements. Observations can take many forms, including descriptions, drawings, photographs, and measurements. Steps of the Scientific Method

14. What is an observation? Observations are made using all of the senses. Observations are made using all of the senses. Observations can be made by using robots or satellites. Observations can be made by using robots or satellites. Many scientific observations must be made indirectly: Many scientific observations must be made indirectly: Studying the Earth’s deep interior Studying the Earth’s deep interior Studying magma chambers inside volcanoes. Studying magma chambers inside volcanoes. Students at Keene High School pg.33 Students at Keene High School pg.33

15. 2. 2. Hypothesis - is a theory or explanation that is based on observations and that can be tested. on observations and that can be tested. A hypothesis is not merely a guess. A hypothesis is not merely a guess. A good hypothesis should make logical sense and follow from what you already know about the situation. A good hypothesis should make logical sense and follow from what you already know about the situation. Steps of the Scientific Method

16. 3. Predictions - statements made in advance that express the results that will be obtained from testing a hypothesis if the hypothesis is supported. A prediction is used to test a hypothesis. A prediction is used to test a hypothesis. Steps of the Scientific Method It is important that any hypothesis can be disproved. It is important that any hypothesis can be disproved. By eliminating possible explanations a scientist can zero in on the best explanation. By eliminating possible explanations a scientist can zero in on the best explanation.

17. Hypothesis vs. Prediction A hypothesis is a that offers an explanation of a problem that has been observed. A hypothesis is a general statement that offers an explanation of a problem that has been observed. Hypotheses can be supported or contradicted by experimentation. Hypotheses can be supported or contradicted by experimentation. A prediction is based on a hypothesis. A prediction is based on a hypothesis. A prediction is meant to describe what will happen if the hypothesis turns out right. A prediction is meant to describe what will happen if the hypothesis turns out right.

18. Students at Knee High School Dwarf Wedge Mussels Look in your book at Figure 2 on page 34. Look in your book at Figure 2 on page 34.

19. Steps of the Scientific Method 4. Experiments - procedures that are carried out under controlled conditions to discover, demonstrate, or test a fact, theory, or general truth. An experiment is performed when questions that arise from observations cannot be answered with additional observations. An experiment is performed when questions that arise from observations cannot be answered with additional observations. Experiments should be designed to pinpoint cause-and-effect relationships. Experiments should be designed to pinpoint cause-and-effect relationships.

20. Steps of the Scientific Method Good experiments have two essential characteristics: a single variable is tested, and a control is used. Good experiments have two essential characteristics: a single variable is tested, and a control is used. is the factor that changes in an experiment in order to test a hypothesis. Variable is the factor that changes in an experiment in order to test a hypothesis. To test for one variable, scientists usually study two groups or situations at one time, with the variable being the only difference between the two groups. To test for one variable, scientists usually study two groups or situations at one time, with the variable being the only difference between the two groups.

21. Steps of the Scientific Method The experimental group - is the group in the experiment that is identical to the control group except for one factor and is compared with controls group. The control group - is the group in the experiment that serves as a standards of comparison with another group to which the control group is identical except for one factor.

22. Quick Lab Hypothesizing and Predicting page 34 Hypothesizing and Predicting page 34 Take out your journals and answer the analysis questions for the quick lab Take out your journals and answer the analysis questions for the quick lab Label your journal Label your journal “Quick Lab: Hypothesizing and Predicting” “Quick Lab: Hypothesizing and Predicting”

23. Homework Map Skills worksheet Map Skills worksheet

25. Bellringer # 11 Read “The Experimental Method in Action at Knee High School on page 35 and answer questions 1 and 2. Read “The Experimental Method in Action at Knee High School on page 35 and answer questions 1 and 2.

26. Notable Quotes “ If I have seen further than others, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants.” ~ Isaac Newton “ If I have seen further than others, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants.” ~ Isaac Newton Much like the upper levels of a building depend on the lower levels for structure, discoveries are often possible only because of earlier scientific findings. Much like the upper levels of a building depend on the lower levels for structure, discoveries are often possible only because of earlier scientific findings.

27. Activity Park it right here. Park it right here.

28. 5. Organizing and Analyzing Data Steps of the Scientific Method Data - is any pieces of information acquired through observation or experimentation. Organizing data into tables and graphic illustrations helps scientists the data and explain the data clearly to others. Organizing data into tables and graphic illustrations helps scientists analyze the data and explain the data clearly to others. Graphs are often used by scientists to display relationships or trends in the data. Graphs are often used by scientists to display relationships or trends in the data.

29. Steps of the Scientific Method Bar graphs are useful for comparing the data for several things in one graph. Bar graphs are useful for comparing the data for several things in one graph. Graphing the information makes the trends presented in tables easier to see. Graphing the information makes the trends presented in tables easier to see.

30. Steps of the Scientific Method 6. 6. Drawing Conclusions Scientists determine the results of their experiment by their data and comparing the outcome of their experiments with their. Scientists determine the results of their experiment by analyzing their data and comparing the outcome of their experiments with their prediction. Ideally, this comparison provides the scientist with an obvious. Ideally, this comparison provides the scientist with an obvious conclusion. But, often the conclusion is not obvious. But, often the conclusion is not obvious.

31. Steps of the Scientific Method 7. Communicating Results Scientists publish their results, sometimes in scientific articles, to share what they have learned with other scientists. Scientists publish their results, sometimes in scientific articles, to share what they have learned with other scientists. Scientific articles include the question the scientist explored, the reasons why the question is important, background information, a precise description of how the work was done, the data collected, and the scientist’sof the data. Scientific articles include the question the scientist explored, the reasons why the question is important, background information, a precise description of how the work was done, the data collected, and the scientist’s interpretation of the data.

32. Notable Quotes “There are two possible outcomes: If the result confirms the hypothesis, then you’ve made a measurement. If the result is contrary to the hypothesis, them you’ve made a discovery. ~ Enrico Fermi “There are two possible outcomes: If the result confirms the hypothesis, then you’ve made a measurement. If the result is contrary to the hypothesis, them you’ve made a discovery. ~ Enrico Fermi Read connection to Biology on page 38. Read connection to Biology on page 38.

33. The Correlation Method Many questions cannot be studied experimentally. Many questions cannot be studied experimentally. When using experiments to answer questions is impossible or unethical, scientists test predictions by examining correlations. When using experiments to answer questions is impossible or unethical, scientists test predictions by examining correlations. Correlations are associations between two or more events. Correlations are associations between two or more events.

34. Scientists know that the relative width of a ring on a tree trunk is a good indicator of the amount of rainfall the tree received in a given year. Scientists know that the relative width of a ring on a tree trunk is a good indicator of the amount of rainfall the tree received in a given year. Scientists have used this knowledge to investigate why the first European settlers at Roanake Island, Virginia disappeared and why most of the first settlers at Jamestown,Virginia,died. Scientists have used this knowledge to investigate why the first European settlers at Roanake Island, Virginia disappeared and why most of the first settlers at Jamestown,Virginia,died. Look at Figure 5 on page 37. The tree rings indicate that the colonies were founded during two of the worst droughts the coast had experienced in centuries. Look at Figure 5 on page 37. The tree rings indicate that the colonies were founded during two of the worst droughts the coast had experienced in centuries.

35. Giant Sequoia This is a piece of one of the largest and longest-lived life forms on Earth. The giant sequoia tree from which this slice comes survived for over 1,300 years in what is now called the Sierra Nevada range of California. The full height of the tree, which was felled by lumberjacks in 1891, exceeded 300 feet. There are even bigger giant sequoias. This is a piece of one of the largest and longest-lived life forms on Earth. The giant sequoia tree from which this slice comes survived for over 1,300 years in what is now called the Sierra Nevada range of California. The full height of the tree, which was felled by lumberjacks in 1891, exceeded 300 feet. There are even bigger giant sequoias.

36. Scientific Habits of Mind Good scientists tend to share several key habits of mind, or ways of approaching and thinking about things. Good scientists tend to share several key habits of mind, or ways of approaching and thinking about things. The first habit of mind is. Good scientists are endlessly curious which drives them to observe and experiment. The first habit of mind is curiosity. Good scientists are endlessly curious which drives them to observe and experiment. The second habit of mind is This means that good scientists don’t believe everything that they are told. The second habit of mind is skepticism. This means that good scientists don’t believe everything that they are told.

37. The third habit of mind is an openness to new ideas. Good scientists keep an open mind to how the world works. The third habit of mind is an openness to new ideas. Good scientists keep an open mind to how the world works. Another habit of mind is intellectual honesty. A good scientist is willing to recognize the results of an experiment even though it may mean that his or her hypothesis was wrong. Another habit of mind is intellectual honesty. A good scientist is willing to recognize the results of an experiment even though it may mean that his or her hypothesis was wrong. Scientific Habits of Mind

38. Lastly, good scientists share imagination and creativity. Lastly, good scientists share imagination and creativity. They are not only open to new ideas, but able to conceive new ideas themselves. They are not only open to new ideas, but able to conceive new ideas themselves. They have the ability to see patterns where others do not or can imagine things that others cannot. They have the ability to see patterns where others do not or can imagine things that others cannot. This allows for good scientists to expand the boundaries we know. This allows for good scientists to expand the boundaries we know.

39. Homework

41. Bellringer # 12 Why should the results of an experiment be repeatable? Why should the results of an experiment be repeatable? What is the difference between a hypothesis and a prediction? What is the difference between a hypothesis and a prediction?

42. Statistics and Models This section discusses statistics and explains how scientists apply statistics to data. This section discusses statistics and explains how scientists apply statistics to data. You will also learn the importance of physical, graphical, conceptual, and mathematical models in science. You will also learn the importance of physical, graphical, conceptual, and mathematical models in science.

43. How Scientists use Statistics is the collection and classification of data that are in the form of numbers. Statistics is the collection and classification of data that are in the form of numbers. Scientists rely on and use statistics to summarize, characterize, analyze, and compare data. Scientists rely on and use statistics to summarize, characterize, analyze, and compare data. Statistics is actually a branch of mathematics that provides scientists with important tools for analyzing and understanding their data. Statistics is actually a branch of mathematics that provides scientists with important tools for analyzing and understanding their data.

44. Statistics Works with Populations Scientists use statistics to. Scientists use statistics to describe statistical populations. A is a group of similar things that a scientist is interested in learning about. A statistical population is a group of similar things that a scientist is interested in learning about. Example” The Dwarf Wedge Mussels shown in Figure 8 page 40. Example” The Dwarf Wedge Mussels shown in Figure 8 page 40.

45. What is the Average? Statistical populations are composed of, but these individuals often have different characteristics. Statistical populations are composed of similar individuals, but these individuals often have different characteristics. Ais the number obtained by adding up the data for a given characteristic and dividing this sum by the number of individuals. A mean is the number obtained by adding up the data for a given characteristic and dividing this sum by the number of individuals. The mean provides a single numerical measure for a population and allows for easy comparison. The mean provides a single numerical measure for a population and allows for easy comparison.

46. Distribution is the relative arrangement of the members of a statistical population, and is usually shown in a graph. Distribution is the relative arrangement of the members of a statistical population, and is usually shown in a graph. The graphs of many characteristics of populations, such as the heights of people, form curves. The graphs of many characteristics of populations, such as the heights of people, form bell-shaped curves. A bell shaped curve indicates a normal distribution where the data is grouped around the mean. A bell shaped curve indicates a normal distribution where the data is grouped symmetrically around the mean.

47. Distribution

48. What is the Probability? is the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event. Probability is the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event. Probability is usually expressed as a number between and written as a decimal rather than as a fraction. Probability is usually expressed as a number between 0 and 1 and written as a decimal rather than as a fraction. However, there must be a large enough in order to obtain accurate results. However, there must be a large enough sample size in order to obtain accurate results.

49. M&M’s Color Distribution Analysis Each package of Milk Chocolate M&M’s should contain 24% blue, 14% brown, 16% green, 20% orange, 13% red, and 14% yellow M&M’s. Each package of Milk Chocolate M&M’s should contain 24% blue, 14% brown, 16% green, 20% orange, 13% red, and 14% yellow M&M’s.

50. M&M’s that are sold at retail come in a cardboard box containing 48 packages of M&M’s. After acquiring a "case" of M&M’s, I counted each package for the total number of M&M’s in the package. Next I counted each color, and then compared the sum of all the colors in each pack to the total of the pack as a form of error checking. All numbers were entered into a database to allow for easy analysis of the data M&M’s that are sold at retail come in a cardboard box containing 48 packages of M&M’s. After acquiring a "case" of M&M’s, I counted each package for the total number of M&M’s in the package. Next I counted each color, and then compared the sum of all the colors in each pack to the total of the pack as a form of error checking. All numbers were entered into a database to allow for easy analysis of the data

51. BlueBrownGreenOrangeRedYellow Total M&M’s Percent expected 24%13%16%20%13%14% Percent observed 18.36%14.16%18.44%20.76%14.20%14.08% Qty. expected629341419524341367 Qty. observed4813714835443723692620 Difference-148+30+64+20+31+2 Average per pack 10.027.7310.0611.337.757.6954.58 Maximum in pack 161217 121457 Minimum in pack 53572252 Std. deviation2.822.192.592.542.622.651.32 Variance1.747.984.806.706.446.877.03 48 packages of M&M Milk Chocolate 1, containing a total of 2620 M&M’s, were used in this project. 1 On average, each package had 55 M&M's.

53. Statistics in Everyday Life Weather Weather There is a 50 percent chance of rain today. There is a 50 percent chance of rain today. Understanding the news Understanding the news A study shows that forest fires increased air pollution in the city last year. A study shows that forest fires increased air pollution in the city last year.

54. Thinking About Risk is the probability of an unwanted outcome. Risk is the probability of an unwanted outcome. People often worry about big oil spills, but as the pie chart shows, there is a much greater risk of oil pollution from everyday sources. People often worry about big oil spills, but as the pie chart shows, there is a much greater risk of oil pollution from everyday sources.

55. Thinking About Risk

56. Models Models are patterns, plans, representations, or descriptions designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system or concept. Models are patterns, plans, representations, or descriptions designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system or concept. Scientists use several different types of models to help them learn about our environment. Scientists use several different types of models to help them learn about our environment.

57. Physical Models Physical models are three-dimensional models you can touch. Physical models are three-dimensional models you can touch. Their most important feature is that they closely resemble the object or system they represent, although they may be larger or smaller. Their most important feature is that they closely resemble the object or system they represent, although they may be larger or smaller. The most useful models teach scientists something new and help to further other discoveries. The most useful models teach scientists something new and help to further other discoveries.

58. Physical Models One of the most famous physical models was used to discover the structure of DNA. One of the most famous physical models was used to discover the structure of DNA. The structural model was built based on the size, shape, and bonding qualities of DNA. Look at Figure 12 on page 44. The structural model was built based on the size, shape, and bonding qualities of DNA. Look at Figure 12 on page 44. The pieces of the model put together helped the scientist figure out the potential structure of DNA. The pieces of the model put together helped the scientist figure out the potential structure of DNA. Discovering the structure led the the understanding of DNA replication. Discovering the structure led the the understanding of DNA replication.

59. Graphical Models Maps and charts are the most common examples of graphical models. Maps and charts are the most common examples of graphical models. Scientists use graphical models to show things such as the position of the stars, the amount of forest cover in a given area, and the depth of the water in a river or along a coast. Scientists use graphical models to show things such as the position of the stars, the amount of forest cover in a given area, and the depth of the water in a river or along a coast.

60. Conceptual Models Conceptual models are verbal or graphical explanations for how a system works or is organized. Conceptual models are verbal or graphical explanations for how a system works or is organized. A flow-chart diagram is an example of a conceptual model. A flow-chart diagram is an example of a conceptual model. A flow-chart uses boxes linked by arrows to illustrate what a system contains, how those contents are organized, and how they affect one another. A flow-chart uses boxes linked by arrows to illustrate what a system contains, how those contents are organized, and how they affect one another.

61. Conceptual Model

62. Conceptual Models Conceptual models can also be verbal descriptions or even drawings. Conceptual models can also be verbal descriptions or even drawings. For example, one conceptual model of the structure of an atom describes the atom as one large ball being circled by several smaller balls. For example, one conceptual model of the structure of an atom describes the atom as one large ball being circled by several smaller balls. This illustrates another point, that a model can be more than one type. An atomic model made using plastic balls is both a conceptual and physical model. This illustrates another point, that a model can be more than one type. An atomic model made using plastic balls is both a conceptual and physical model.

63. Mathematical Models Mathematical models are one or more equations that represent the way system or process works. Mathematical models are one or more equations that represent the way system or process works. Mathematical models are especially useful in cases with many variables, such as the many things that affect the weather. Mathematical models are especially useful in cases with many variables, such as the many things that affect the weather.

64. Mathematical Models Although mathematical models use number and equations, they are not always right. Although mathematical models use number and equations, they are not always right. People are the ones who interpret the data and write the equations. So, if the data or the equations are wrong, the model will not be realistic and will provide incorrect information. People are the ones who interpret the data and write the equations. So, if the data or the equations are wrong, the model will not be realistic and will provide incorrect information. Like all models, mathematical models are only as good as the data that went into building them. Like all models, mathematical models are only as good as the data that went into building them.

65. Mathematical Models Scientists use mathematical models to create amazing, as well as useful images. Scientists use mathematical models to create amazing, as well as useful images. “False color” satellite images are created using mathematical models. “False color” satellite images are created using mathematical models. Scientists use the models to relate the amount of energy reflected from objects to the objects’ physical condition. Scientists use the models to relate the amount of energy reflected from objects to the objects’ physical condition.

67. Bellringer # 13 How do you make decisions? What factors do you consider when making these decisions?

68. Objectives Describe three values that people consider when making decisions about the environment. Describe three values that people consider when making decisions about the environment. Describe the four steps in a simple environmental decision-making model. Describe the four steps in a simple environmental decision-making model. Compare the short-term and long-term consequences of two decisions regarding a hypothetical environmental issue. Compare the short-term and long-term consequences of two decisions regarding a hypothetical environmental issue.

69. Values and the Environment Scientific research is an essential first step in solving environmental problems. Scientific research is an essential first step in solving environmental problems. However, before research can begin, an examination of values is usually needed. However, before research can begin, an examination of values is usually needed. Values are principles or standards that an individual considers to be important. Values are principles or standards that an individual considers to be important. There are many values that affect environmental decision making. There are many values that affect environmental decision making.

70. Values that Affect Environmental Decision Making

71. An Environmental Decision- Making Model A decision-making model is a conceptual model that provides a systematic process for making decisions. A decision-making model is a conceptual model that provides a systematic process for making decisions. Decision-making models can be used to help you make decisions about environmental issues which can be very difficult. Decision-making models can be used to help you make decisions about environmental issues which can be very difficult.

72. Decision-Making Model

73. A Hypothetical Situation The golden-cheeked warbler population is declining in Valley County. The golden-cheeked warbler population is declining in Valley County. The town of Pleasanton, in Valley County, is growing rapidly, and much of the new development is occurring outside the city limits. The town of Pleasanton, in Valley County, is growing rapidly, and much of the new development is occurring outside the city limits. Biologists who have been studying the warbler warn county officials that if they do not take action, the state fish and wildlife service may list the bird as an endangered species. Biologists who have been studying the warbler warn county officials that if they do not take action, the state fish and wildlife service may list the bird as an endangered species.

74. A Hypothetical Situation Several groups join together to propose that the county buy several hundred acres of land where the birds are known to breed and save the land as a nature preserve. Several groups join together to propose that the county buy several hundred acres of land where the birds are known to breed and save the land as a nature preserve.

75. A Hypothetical Situation The group also proposes limiting development on land surrounding the preserve. The group also proposes limiting development on land surrounding the preserve. The group obtains enough petitions to put the issue to a vote, and the public begins to discuss the proposal. The group obtains enough petitions to put the issue to a vote, and the public begins to discuss the proposal.

76. A Hypothetical Situation People who own property within the proposed preserve oppose the plan. People who own property within the proposed preserve oppose the plan. These property owners have an economic interest in the situation. They believe that they will lose money if they are forced to sell their land to the county instead of developing it. These property owners have an economic interest in the situation. They believe that they will lose money if they are forced to sell their land to the county instead of developing it. Other residents do not like the idea of more government regulations on how private property can be used. Other residents do not like the idea of more government regulations on how private property can be used.

77. A Hypothetical Situation Other landowners support the plan and fear that without the preserve the warbler will be listed as an endangered species. Once listed as endangered, the state will impose a plan to protect the bird that will require even stricter limits on land development. Other landowners support the plan and fear that without the preserve the warbler will be listed as an endangered species. Once listed as endangered, the state will impose a plan to protect the bird that will require even stricter limits on land development. People who have land near the preserve think that their land will increase in value. People who have land near the preserve think that their land will increase in value. Many residents also look forward to hiking and camping in the preserve. Many residents also look forward to hiking and camping in the preserve.

78. How to Use the Decision- Making Model The hypothetical situation in Pleasanton can be used to illustrate how to use the decision-making model. The hypothetical situation in Pleasanton can be used to illustrate how to use the decision-making model. Michael Price is a voter in Valley County who will vote on whether the county should create the nature preserve. Michael Price is a voter in Valley County who will vote on whether the county should create the nature preserve. The steps Michael took to make his decision follow. The steps Michael took to make his decision follow.

79. Gather Information Michael studied the warbler issue thoroughly by watching local news reports, reading the newspaper, learning more about the golden-cheeked warblers from various Websites, and attended forums where the issue was discussed. Michael studied the warbler issue thoroughly by watching local news reports, reading the newspaper, learning more about the golden-cheeked warblers from various Websites, and attended forums where the issue was discussed. Several of the arguments on both sides made sense to him. Several of the arguments on both sides made sense to him.

80. Gather Information Michael also gathered scientific information that included graphs of the decline of the warbler population. Michael also gathered scientific information that included graphs of the decline of the warbler population.

81. Consider Values Michael made a table to help him clarify his thoughts and values. Michael made a table to help him clarify his thoughts and values. Michael considered the environmental, economic, and recreational values of the preserve. Michael considered the environmental, economic, and recreational values of the preserve. He believed these to be important, but someone else might have thought other values were more important to consider. He believed these to be important, but someone else might have thought other values were more important to consider.

82. Should the Valley County Set Aside a Nature Preserve?

83. Explore Consequences Michael decides that in the short term, the positive and negative consequences listed in his table were almost equally balanced. Michael decides that in the short term, the positive and negative consequences listed in his table were almost equally balanced. For example, some people would suffer financially from the plan, but others would benefit. For example, some people would suffer financially from the plan, but others would benefit. Also, taxpayers would have to pay for the preserve, yet all residents would have access the previously private property. Also, taxpayers would have to pay for the preserve, yet all residents would have access the previously private property.

84. Explore Consequences It was the long term consequences that allowed Michael to make his decision. It was the long term consequences that allowed Michael to make his decision. Michael realized that the environmental values were an important factor in his decision. Michael realized that the environmental values were an important factor in his decision. The thought of the warbler becoming extinct distressed him, and protecting the habitat now would be less costly that protecting it later under a state imposed plan. The thought of the warbler becoming extinct distressed him, and protecting the habitat now would be less costly that protecting it later under a state imposed plan.

85. Explore Consequences Michael considered that there were long term benefits as well. Michael considered that there were long term benefits as well. He had read that property values were rising rapidly in counties where land was preserved for recreation. He had read that property values were rising rapidly in counties where land was preserved for recreation. He also found that people would pay more to live in counties that have open spaces. He also found that people would pay more to live in counties that have open spaces.

86. Explore Consequences Because the county contained little preserved land, Michael thought that creating the preserve would bring the county long-term economic benefits. Because the county contained little preserved land, Michael thought that creating the preserve would bring the county long-term economic benefits. He also highly valued the aesthetic and recreational benefits of the preserve, such as walking trails. He also highly valued the aesthetic and recreational benefits of the preserve, such as walking trails.

87. Make a Decision Michael chose to vote in favor of the nature preserve. Michael chose to vote in favor of the nature preserve. However, someone else who looked at the same table of pros and cons might have voted differently. However, someone else who looked at the same table of pros and cons might have voted differently. If you lived in Valley County, how would you have voted? If you lived in Valley County, how would you have voted?

88. Make a Decision As you learn about issues affecting the environments, use this decision-making model as a starting point to making your decisions. As you learn about issues affecting the environments, use this decision-making model as a starting point to making your decisions. Be sure to consider your values, weigh the pros and cons, and keep in mind both the short-term and long-term consequences of your decision. Be sure to consider your values, weigh the pros and cons, and keep in mind both the short-term and long-term consequences of your decision.

89. Image and Activity Bank

92. Bellringer# 14 Read Saving the Everglades on page 48 Answer both questions.

93. Homework- Chapter 2 Review Due Friday Pg.53 Do numbers 1-27 and 35, 36.

94. Bellringer #13 Observe the fish in the tank for 2-3 minutes. Write down your observations in your journals.

95. http://www.basic- mathematics.com/coin-toss- probability.html

96. Bellringer # 14 Alien Invasion List 10 items that you would take with you Food is provided

97. Bellringer # 15 You are a scientist studying the organisms and water conditions in a local lake. Over several years you notice that both the number of a certain type of fish in the lake has decreased and the acidity of the lake water has increased. You are curious, so you plan to conduct an experiment to learn more. What observations have you made? State a hypothesis based on your observations. State a prediction you will use to test your hypothesis. Describe how you will use the steps in the experimental method to conduct your experiment.

98. Bellringer #16 What do Forensic Scientists do when they get to a crime scene?