1. Chapter 20.2 Revolutions of 1830 and 1848

2. SuccessfulUnsuccessful 1. Serbia (indep 1830)1. Poland (1830) 2. Greece (1830)2. Austria (1848) 3. Belgium (1830)3. Italy (1848) 4. Holland (1831)4. Germany (1848)

3. Focus Q: March 9 Read “Infographic” on pages 640-41. Answer the 2 questions under “Thinking Critically.”

4. FQ: March 16 Pages 639-40. Read “Belgium wins Independence.” Bullet points for 3 key ideas 1 sentence summary

5. What you will learn…. 1.The French revolt again in 1830, 1848. 2.Revolt spreads to Belgium, Poland, Italy, Germany, and more. 3.Often it’s the “old order” vs radicals, liberals.

6. Why this is important…. 1.Revolutions have many causes: – New ideas—Enlightenment – Nationalism – Poverty, famine, hunger 2.Could govts create conditions in which people would not revolt in hard times? What would that govt look like?

7. Uprisings Continue 1.Even though liberal and nationalist uprisings were suppressed in the 1820s, more were coming 2.Like in 1789, they begin in Paris and spread across Europe 3.These are protests against the OLD ORDER. 4.France was divided by those who had accepted the ideals of the Fr. Revolution and those who didn’t.

8. Louis XVIII restored (1815) 1.Congress of Vienna restored Louis XVIII to power He wisely issued a constitution Set up a 2 house legislature Allowed limited freedom of the press 2.Still—the king had much power King 1

9. Citizens Lead the July Revolution (1830) 1.Louis dies in 1824—bro Charles X takes over Strong believer in absolute monarchy Rejects the idea of a constitution 1830 suspends the legislature Limits the right to vote Restricts the press Remember the reasons for the FR. REV? His crown

10. King Charles X of France (r. 1824-1830) His Goals: Reduce the influence of the middle class. Limit the right to vote. Put the clergy back in charge of education. Public money used to pay nobles for the loss of their lands during the Fr Revolution. Control the press. King 2

11. Citizens Lead the July Revolution (1830) 1.Liberals and ***radicals—want extreme change***--respond to the king’s challenge Barricade streets in Paris Fire on soldiers, throw rocks from roofs In days, rebels control most of Paris 2.Afraid, Charles abdicates, goes to England

12. To the Barricades  Revolution, Again!! Workers, students and some of the middle class call for a Republic!

13. Liberty Leading the People painting by Eugène DelacroixEugène Delacroix commemorating the July Revolution of 1830, which toppled Charles X of France.July RevolutionCharles X of France A woman personifying Liberty leads the people forward over the bodies of the fallen, holding the tricouleur flag of the French Revolution in one hand and brandishing a bayonetted musket with the other.Liberty tricouleurflagFrench Revolutionmusket

14. The “Citizen King” Rules France Radicals want a republic Moderate liberals insist on a constitutional monarchy—Louis Philippe made king ***Louis Philippe called “citizen king” b/c he owed his throne to the people*** 1.Under L. Philippe upper bourgeoisie prosper 2.Gives the vote to the wealthy, most can’t vote 3.His policies don’t help working class

15. Louis Philippe  The “Citizen King” The government was now under the control of the wealthy middle class. His government ignored the needs and demands of the workers in the cities. (r. 1830-1848) King 3

16. Check for Understanding Why was Louis Philippe called the “citizen king?” He owed his throne to the people, they made him king

17. Spirit of Reform Spreads 1.The Paris revolts inspired more uprisings throughout Europe 2.Most were suppressed by the military 3.But even those that failed scared rulers enough to encourage reforms

18. The 1830 Revolutions

19. Belgium Wins Independence 1.1815 Congress of Vienna united Austrian Netherlands (Belgium) and Holland 2.***C of V wanted to make a barrier to prevent future French expansion*** 3.Belgian bourgeoisie resented this Speak diff languages, Belgians were Catholic, rely on manufacturing Dutch king Protestant, Dutch rely on trade

20. Belgian Independence, 1830 Wide cultural differences:  North  Dutch  Protestant  seafarers and traders.  South  French  Catholic  farmers and individual workers.

21. Belgium Wins Independence 1.1830 Belgians fight Dutch troops in Brussels 2.BR, FR support this—think they will benefit **as a result, in 1831 Belgium becomes an independent state w/ a liberal constitution**

22. Check for understanding How did the Congress of Vienna try to impact France? Make a barrier to stop French expansion

24. Belgian Revolution – 1830 Episode of the Belgian Revolution of 1830, Gustaf Wappers (1834) Gustaf Wappers

25. Check for Understanding How did the Belgium revolution turn out? in 1831 Belgium becomes an independent state w/ a liberal constitution**

26. Rebels Fall in Poland 1830 1.In the late 1700s, Russia, Austria, Prussia divided Poland 2.Poles hoped C of V (1815) would restore their homeland 3.Instead, it gave most of Poland to Russia 4.1830—students, army officers, landowners rebelled—failed to get lots of support— ***1830 Polish rebellion brutally crushed by Russia***

27. Where’s Poland?

28. Check for Understanding Did Poland’s 1830 revolution succeed? Why or why not? Nope, they didn’t get much support against Russia

29. Fun for the day…….Yo Mama jokes Yo Mama is so ugly even Hello Kitty said goodbye. Yo mama so bald that she took a shower and got brain-washed. Yo mama's so bald, when she braids her hair, it remind me of stitches. Yo mama so hairy, she's a stunt double for Chewbacca Yo mama so ugly that santa said ho ho holy sh_ _ Yo mama's so skinny, if she had dreads I'd grab her by the ankles and use her to mop the floor.

30. Pre-1848 Tensions: Long-Term 1. Industrialization – Economic challenges to rulers. – Rapid urbanization. – Challenges to the artisan class. 2. Population doubled in the 18 c – Food supply problems  Malthus 3. Ideological Challenges – Liberalism, nationalism, democracy, socialism.

31. Pre-1848 Tensions: Short-Term 1. Agricultural Crises – Poor cereal harvests prices rose 60% in one year. – Potato blight  Ireland Prices rose 135% for food in one year! 2. Financial Crises – Investment bubbles burst  railways, iron, coal. – Unemployment increased rapidly [esp. among the artisan class]. Working & middle classes are now joined in misery as are the urban and agricultural peasantry!

32. The French Revolt Again in 1848 1.France was ripe for rebellion for a number of reasons in the 1840s Complaints about the govt Radicals want a republic Louis Philippe's govt criticized for corruption Some want expanded suffrage

33. The French Revolt Again in 1848 Economic problems 1.There was a **recession—period of reduced econ. activity** 2.Factories shut down, unemployment up 3.Poor harvests cause bread prices to rise 4.Newspapers blame govt officials

34. “February Days” 1848 1.Feb. 1848 govt tries to silence critics 2.Protestors block streets with carts, paving stones, trees—like 1830 3.Royal troops clash w/ demontrators 4.**As violence spreads Louis Philippe abdicates** 5.A new govt is divided btwn middle class (moderate change)and socialists (set up national workshops to provide jobs)

35. Working Class Lose During “June Days” 1848 1.By June, upper and middle classes get control of govt Shut down workshops—waste of $ 2.Furious workers protest in streets of Paris, but are violently defeated by Middle class liberals and ***peasants who fear socialists might take their land***

36. The “June Days” Worker groups in Paris rose up in insurrection. – They said that the government had betrayed the revolution. Workers wanted a redistribution of wealth. – Barricades in the streets. Victor Hugo’s Les Miserables was based on this event. A new liberal-conservative coalition formed to oppose this lower class radicalism.

37. Working Class Lose During “June Days” 1848 1.At least 1500 killed b/f govt crushes the rebellion “June Days” leave bitter legacy 1.Middle class fears, distrusts socialists 2.Working class hate bourgeoisie (middle class and peasants)

38. New Napoleon Comes to Power 1.By the end of 1848, National Assembly wants to restore order—creates a constitution and the Second Republic Strong president, 1 house legislature 2.Louis Napoleon wins election for president (nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte) 3.Once in office…..guess what happens?

39. President Louis Napoleon The December election: – The “law and order” candidate, Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, The New President: – Purged the govt. of all radical officials. Replaced them with ultra-conservative and monarchists. – Disbanded the National Assembly and held new elections. Represented himself as a “Man of the People.” – His government regularly used forced against dissenters. King 4

40. New Napoleon Comes to Power 1.**1852 Louis Napoleon had himself declared Emperor—takes title Napoleon III—this ends the Second Republic** 2.***Like his uncle Napoleon III came to power through a plebiscite (vote, election)*** Hitler too 90% approved of him creating a Second EMPIRE **many thought a monarchy would be more stable than a republic**

41. 1851 Coup d’Etat President Louis Napoleon declared a hereditary 2 nd French Empire. A national plebiscite (vote) confirmed this.

42. Revolution Surges Through Europe Protests against the old order continue Some called it “springtime of the peoples” 1.Middle class liberals want more political power 2.Protections for basic rights for male citizens 3.Workers want relief from miseries of Ind. Revolution 4.Nationalists want to rule themselves

43. Revolutions Continue in Europe, (unsuccessfully) 1.Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Germany, and Prussia all are impacted by uprisings  People want freedoms, liberty, written constitutions to protect basic rights 2.**in Italy, Nationalists want to end Hapsburg domination and to set up a constitutional govt**  In the end, they will fail also

44. 20.2 Creative side Make an acrostic using the word “REVOLUTION.” All words must relate to this section Example: Revolution: people were willing to die for more rights E V