1. GREEN BUILDINGS

2. Overview 1. Definition Objective & Need 2
Overview 1.Definition Objective & Need 2.The green CONCEPT & the need for green building 3. Technical Aspects/ Methodology 4. Construction Techniques a) Solar Chimney b) Wind Chimney c) Trombe Walls d) Cavity walls. 5.Building Materials 6. Design aspect of Green Building 7. Conceptual design. 8. Upgrading Non Green to Green. 9. LEED 10. TERI 11. Case Study

3. IMPACT OF BUILDINGS ON RESOURCES

4. GREEN BUILDING
DEFINITION: Green building is a practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource efficient throughout a building’s life-cycle from sitting to design , construction , operation , maintenance , renovation and deconstruction.
OBJECTIVE: Green building helps to reduce building-related environmental impacts while creating places that are healthier and more satisfying for people.

5. The Need to build Green
We spent 90% of our time indoors which implies we need to have better air quality, lighting and eco friendly neighbourhood.
Buildings account for a large amount of land use, energy and water consumption, and atmosphere alteration. Considering the statistics, reducing the amount of natural resources buildings consume and the amount of pollution given off is seen as crucial for future sustainability, according to EPA.
The offshoot of the price of conventional sources of energy implies that future buildings should self suffice their requirements of energy from non conventional(green) sources.

6. The Green Concept

7. Technical Aspects
Energy resource efficiency in new constructions can be effected by adopting an integrated approach to the building design. The primary steps in this approach are listed below :
1.Incorporate solar passive techniques in a building to minimize load on conventional systems (heating, cooling, ventilation & lighting).
2.Design energy efficient lighting and HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems.
3.Use renewable energy systems (solar photovoltaic systems/ solar water heating systems) to meet a part of building load.
4.Use low energy materials and methods of construction and reduce transportation energy.

8. Energy efficient construction techniques
1.SOLAR CHIMNEY
2.WIND CATCHER
3.TROMBE WALL

9. Energy efficient construction techniques
1. Solar Chimney: A solar chimney often referred to as thermal chimney is a way of improving the natural ventilation of buildings by using convection of air heated by passive solar energy. A simple description of a solar chimney is that of a vertical shaft utilizing solar energy to enhance the natural stack ventilation through a building.

10. The use of a solar chimney may benefit natural ventilation and passive cooling strategies of buildings thus help reduce energy use, CO2 emissions and pollution in general. Potential benefits regarding natural ventilation and use of solar chimneys are:
1.Improved ventilation rates on still, hot days
2.Improved control of air flow through
the building
3.Improved air quality and reduced noise
levels in urban areas
4.Increased night time ventilation rates
5.Improved cooling during warm seasons
6.Improved thermal comfort
(improved air flow controls, reduced draughts)

11. 2. Wind catcher: A wind catcher is a traditional Persian architectural device used for many centuries to create natural ventilation in buildings.
The wind catcher functions on several principles:
First, a wind catcher is capped and has several directional ports at the top (Traditionally four). By closing all but the one facing the direction of the incoming wind, air is drawn inwards, by the application of principle of continuity. The wind would push air down the shaft. This generates significant cooling ventilation within the structure below.
In a windless environment or waterless house, a wind catcher functions as a stack effect aggregator of hot air. It creates a pressure gradient which allows less dense hot air to travel upwards and escape out the top. This is also compounded significantly by the day-night cycle mentioned above, trapping cool air below.
WIND CATCHER

12. 3

13. CAVITY WALLS
For creating energy efficient and thermally comfortable spaces, a combination of hollow terracotta blocks and semi wire cur bricks have been used, for the external walls.
This forms a wall with three air cavities, the terracotta blocks on the outside and the bricks on the inside, keeping the interiors cool and bringing down the use of air-conditioning.
Besides serving as a passive coolant, the external wall is also very low on maintenance, bringing down the long term maintenance costs of the building.

14. Green Building Materials
Sustainability and environmental friendliness are two key requirements to green building materials. Many green building materials also offer energy efficiency benefits. For instance, use of metal in residential and commercial construction is considered environmentally friendly because metal is recyclable and long lasting building material that also offers excellent solar reflective benefits making it an energy efficient choice for roofing and wall panels when constructing a building envelope.
Bamboo is another green building material because it grows quickly and thus can be easily sustained. Specially grown Cedar can be considered sustainable building material when its grown locally and cut in a sustainable manner that will ensure future growth and availability

15. Design aspect of Green Building
Sky-gardens in individual homes
Sky courts at intermediate levels as community spaces
Service core as a buffer area
The view exploited from all spaces.
Tropical landscape in the sky gardens and courts
Ground floor semi- open, connected to the outside
Air spaces and wind scoops
Continuous natural ventilation
Use of cavity walls for insulation
Natural day lighting, even in the deeper parts of the building
Use of natural materials
Sun and rain protection to the building by the provision of large recesses, for windows and openings.
Reduced use of water and power resources. Lower operational costs

17. CONCEPTUAL SKETCH OF GREEN BUILDING

18. Green Building for Residential UsE
Homeowners can greatly benefit from the use of green building technology in new home construction and for the existing homes. In fact, there are quite a few green building elements that homeowners of existing homes can benefit from:
Use of energy efficient windows
Replacing existing windows with energy efficient windows will increase the existing R value of your home, keeping your rooms warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer. This will also translate into energy savings and better and cleaner environment.
Insulating Walls, floors, and ceilings in your home A well insulated home can help save over fifty percent on your heating bill in the winter, and lower your cooling bill in the summer. A well insulated building will not leak warmer air out or allow cooler air in the winter, and will provide for similar effect in the summer. Not only will well insulated walls and ceilings help you save money by reducing your energy bill, but it can also help the longevity of your home. In fact one of the most frequent damages to homes in the winter are ice dam formation, and one of the easiest ways to prevent ice dam build up is to have a well insulated attic, which will keep it cool and prevent the melting of the snow on your roof.
Cool Roofing and Solar Panels Another great way to make your home more energy efficient is by replacing or upgrading your existing roof with energy efficient roof such as metal or cool flat roofing membrane for lower slope roofs. Not only can you keep your home cooler and safer with a longer lasting metal roof, but you can further integrate it with green solar roofing panels that would convert solar energy to free electricity for your home

20. LEED
The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED-INDIA) is a Green Building Rating System is a
nationally accepted benchmark for the design, construction an operation of high performance green
buildings. There are 150 LEED registered green buildings and 23 LEED certified green buildings in India.
LEED registered green building
MUMBAI (44)
CHENNAI (23)
OTHERS (16)
DELHI (14)
BANGALORE (12)
HYDERABAD (10)
KOLKATA (6)
PUNE (6)
LEED rated buildings in India
CHENNAI (10)
OTHERS (4)
DELHI (3)
KOLKATA (3)
HYDERABAD (2)
MUMBAI(1)

21. TERI
The Energy and Resource Institute plays a very important role in developing green
building capacities in the country. TERI came up with a rating system called GRIHA
which was adopted by the Government of India as the National Green Building Rating System for the
country. GRIHA aims at ensuring that all kinds of buildings become green buildings. the strengths of
GRIHA lie in the fact that it rates even non-air conditioned buildings as green and puts great emphasis
on local and traditional construction knowledge. TERI – GRIHA is a Green building rating system by TERI
INDIA to facilitate design, construction, operation and evaluation of environment friendly buildings. The
following is the list of green buildings rated by TERI under TERIGRIHA:
1. Hitkarini college of Engineering and Technology, Jabalpur.
2. Residential Building for ITC Limited, Kolkata.
3. Earth System & Environment Science Engineering Building, Indian Institute of Technology,
Kanpur.
4. The Doon School, Dehra Dun.
5. Delhi Public School, Aligarh.
6. Fortis hospital, New Delhi.

22. THE CASE STUDY
TAIPIE-101
Taipei 101 is designed to withstand the typhoon winds and earthquake tremors common in its area of the Asia-Pacific. Planners aimed for a structure that could withstand gale winds of 60 m/s (197 ft/s, 216 km/h, 134 mph) and the strongest earthquakes likely to occur in a 2,500 year cycle.
Skyscrapers must be flexible in strong winds yet remain rigid enough to prevent large sideways movement (lateral drift). Flexibility prevents structural damage while resistance ensures comfort for the occupants and protection of glass, curtain walls and other features. Most designs achieve the necessary strength by enlarging critical structural elements such as
bracing. The extraordinary height of Taipei 101 combined with the demands of its environment called for additional innovations. The design achieves both strength and flexibility for the tower through the use of high-performance steel construction. Thirty-six columns support Taipei 101, including eight "mega-columns" packed with 10,000 psi (69 MPa) concrete. Every eight floors, outrigger trusses connect the columns in the building's core to those on the exterior.
These features combine with the solidity of its foundation to make Taipei 101 one of the most stable buildings ever constructed. The foundation is reinforced by 380 piles driven 80 m (262 ft) into the ground, extending as far as 30 m (98 ft) into the bedrock. Each pile is 1.5 m (5 ft) in diameter and can bear a load of 1,000–1,320 tonnes (1,100–1,460 short tons). The stability of the design became evident during construction when, on March 31, 2002, a 6.8-magnitude earthquake rocked Taipei. The tremor was strong enough to topple two construction cranes from the 56th floor, then the highest. Five people died in the accident, but an inspection showed no structural damage to the building, and construction soon resumed.

23. THANK YOU Questions are invited. Dhaarna
IGBC Newsletter (September 2007).