Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byScarlett Henderson Modified over 8 years ago
1
Standard Precautions And Infection Control For The CNA
2
Why? Health-care workers need to use standard precautions to help protect Patients Visitors Employees (Dr’s, Nurses, Volunteers) And Yourself In Essence: Everyone
3
Standard Precautions are… The infection control actions used for all people receiving care, regardless of their condition or diagnosis. Treating everyone as though they are potentially contagious. Using PPE when coming into contact with ANYONE’s Blood, body fluids, secretions or excretions
4
Why do Infections Occur? Many sick people are treated in close quarters Microorganisms. Frequent contacts. Large amounts of contaminated wastes. Some procedures that save lives may increase risk of infection. Respiratory therapy: moisture that fosters microorganism growth Catheterization: open pathway to the bladder Surgery: opening of the skin Antibiotics: kills good and bad bacteria
5
Who Can Get Infections? Anyone can get infections but some people face higher risk than others. Newborns Premature babies Elderly Seriously ill patients. (burns, ICU) Surgical pt Long-term pt People on certain types of medications People with low immune systems (chemo, etc) Certain Healthcare workers: nurse, doctors, PCT
6
How Infectious Diseases Spread All of the following are necessary for a disease to spread: A germ or pathogen, A source or reservoir, A portal of exit, A method of transmission, A portal of entry into a person, A susceptible person. The goal is to stop germs from traveling from a source into another person. Chain of Infection
7
Tag-Teaming Infections… Using Standard Precautions in addition to… Transmission Based Isolation Precautions Are for the care of patients who have or may have a contagious disease. You need to use transmission based precautions in addition to standard precautions for all patients. There are 3 types that are based on the causative agent and mode of transmission Useful in preventing the spread of NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS!!!
8
Transmission-Based Precautions: AIRBORNE 1.Prevent the spread of infection dust or small droplets that remain suspended in air 2.They require special air handling and ventilation 3.Wear mask at all times in the room 4.If patient travels out of the room must wear a mask at all times DROPLET 1.Prevent the spread of large droplets that can be created by certain medical procedures, or by coughing, talking or sneezing 2.Must wear a mask if you are within 3 feet of the patient. 3.If patient travels out of the room must wear a mask at all times CONTACT 1.Prevent the spread of infectious disease by skin-to –skin contact or by a contaminated object 2.Must wear gloves with any contact with the patient. 3.Visitors to wear gloves as well 4.During procedures that could cause splashing: wear a gown
9
Which type of Isolation should you use??? Patient A has tuberculosis? _________________ Patient B has the mumps? __________________ Patient C has the measles? _________________ Patient D has MRSA in a wound? ____________ Patient E has impetigo?____________________ Patient F has the flu? ______________________
10
Common Nosocomial Infections Clostridium Difficile is a gastrointestinal infection characterized by watery diarrhea, fever and loss of appetite. C-diff is found in the feces of infected persons. Commonly spread from person to person by neglectful hand hygiene. Which type of isolation?__________________
11
Common Nosocomial Infections Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus is a bacteria that can infect several places in your patients. Wounds Urine Sputum Nares Many persons are carriers of MRSA in their nares. They do not have active infection but can spread it to others. What type of isolation should you use? ___________________
12
Take steps to protect patients and yourself from risks Use your PPE (Demo to follow this slide) Wash your hands!! Cover cough and sneezes: wash hands after doing this. Use a resuscitation device: if you do CPR/rescue breathing Put a patient in a private room: if you know they have a contagious infection. Put patient in isolation for transmission-based precautions when needed.
13
Question… Have you ever seen this in a movie or TV show? Why are they all covered up and gloved up?
14
Asepsis-keeping things clean Asepsis is the absence of disease- producing microorganisms. Using aseptic techniques are a major way to break the chain of infection. Handwashing, good personal hygiene, using disposable gloves, proper cleaning of instruments and the environment are all aseptic techniques
15
What is “sterile”? What is “sterile” Free from all organisms including spores and viruses What is “contaminated” Pathogens and organisms are present
16
Why the hassle of sterility? Maintaining sterility helps prevent the introduction of infectious organisms into an area free from infectious organisms Also helps prevent the introduction of additional infectious organisms to an area already infected
17
Sterile Technique Using sterile technique keeps an object or area free from living organisms We must maintain sterility and avoid contamination during certain procedures
18
Sterile Technique We must recognize sterile surfaces and contaminated surfaces If a sterile object touches the skin or any part of your clothing, they are no longer sterile Keep sterile objects above the waist because areas below the waist are considered contaminated.
19
Sterile Field 2 inch border around the sterile field is considered contaminated. Reach in from the side-never the front Never turn your back on a sterile field Keep it dry. Why? If an article gets wet, it is considered contaminated and must be removed or you must start over Never put on your sterile gloves until you are ready to do your procedure.
20
Opening Sterile Packages Check Open areas and date (>30 days) Hold away from you Open: Distal flap (fold away from you) Side flaps Proximal flap (lift up and toward you) Never touch the inside of the package
21
Using Sterile Field and Items Use one of the transfer techniques to add packages to the sterile field The method depends on the item being transferred If you ever suspect contamination, it is better to start over. Never take a chance using equipment if there is a possibility of contamination
22
Your Turn: Let’s use what you just learned… There are 6 stations set up around the room You and a partner are to visit each station and complete the work inside the folder. Replace all items you don’t use. Keep what you have worked on. This will be picked up at the end of the rotation. You will have 15 minutes per station.
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.