1. Happy Tuesday! Please pick up the handouts and notecard on the dresser. Take out your 4 articles. Take out some paper to take notes. I will pass back your WC page. If you did not turn this in yesterday, do so NOW!

2. Self Evaluation: Earlier in this process, I asked you what grade you honestly wanted, what that looked like, and what specifically you needed to do to reach your goal. Honestly, answer the following questions….

3. Self Evaluation: If you were to grade yourself on your effort (time spent working on the research, annotations, time in class and outside of school), what grade do you deserve and why? As we start this paper, what steps are you willing to take (in other words, what will you do) to reach your goal or “dream” grade on this paper? What, if anything, would you do differently next time you write a paper?

4. Today, we will be starting your final paper! You already have some good research about your topic—now you just have to organize it and write about it. Today we will be talking about how you will take notes from your articles.

5. Today: Today we will be about learning how to take good notes and when you should paraphrase or use a direct quote. It is important that you take good notes, listen and ask questions when you are lost and confused. You will be expected to know how to do this in your paper.

6. What you should know by the end of the presentation today: 1. The difference between paraphrasing and quoting 2. When to paraphrase and when to quote 3. How to paraphrase without plagiarizing 4. How to quote without plagiarizing 5. How to cite your sources

7. 1) What is the difference between paraphrasing and quoting? Paraphrasing = putting the author’s ideas totally and completely in your OWN words and your OWN voice. No “ ” Quoting = using the EXACT words and punctuation the original author used, without changing anything. Use “ ” (not dialogue) There is nothing in between. Under no circumstances should you EVER change some, but not all of an author’s words. It’s all or nothing!

8. 1) What is the difference between paraphrasing and quoting? Whether you paraphrase or quote, you MUST cite your source. This means you put the author’s last name and page # in parentheses after the information. Paraphrase: Blah blah blah (Johnson 14). Quote: “Blah blah blah” (Johnson 14).

9. 2) How do I decide when to paraphrase and when to quote? When to paraphrase: – Most (90%) of the time – When the information is important, but the rhetoric is not. When to quote: – Not very often (10% of the time). – When the rhetoric is just as important as the information. It should be beautifully written. – When the person who said the quote is also very important to your argument

10. 3) How do I paraphrase without accidentally plagiarizing? Be very very careful not to copy the original author’s: – Words – Phrases – Sentence structure/order of ideas – Voice or tone Cite your source immediately after the piece of information, like this: – Blah blah blah (Johnson 14).

11. 3) How do I paraphrase without accidentally plagiarizing? The original passage: Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47. Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. A plagiarized paraphrase: Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of the final copy should consist of directly quoted material. So it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while taking notes *Wording and sentence structure too close to original, NO CITATION

12. 3) How do I paraphrase without accidentally plagiarizing? The original passage: Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47. Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. A legitimate paraphrase: In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).

13. 3) How do I paraphrase without accidentally plagiarizing? Original: Asking How Much Is Enough by Alan B. Durning The affluent life-style born in the United States is emulated by those who can afford it around the world. And many can: the average person today is 4.5 times richer than were his or her great-grandparents at the turn of the century. Paraphrase: Many people around the world try to emulate rich Americans’ lifestyles. More and more people can afford to do this because the average person today is 4.5 times richer than people at the beginning of the century (Durning 530). Number 7) on your note sheet: What do you think? Is this one good or bad?

14. Paraphrasing: For this strategy, you must put the info in your own words: Let’s practice. Use these 3 methods: 1) Write in phrases 2) Change words 3) Change order of information Write this down!

15. 1) Write in Phrases only Original Text: “Our Fitness Assessment Services provide members with a baseline for their fitness programs through tools such as body composition and metabolic testing. After establishing personal fitness goals, our fitness staff can assist you in creating a customized exercise program. Trainers can design a customized exercise program to help members meet their fitness goals” (“Fitness”).Fitness Assessment Services ***Please note the citation in the parentheses. This comes from the first word of the works cited page for this entry. More on this later.

16. 1) Write in Phrases only Fitness Assessment Services = baseline for fitness programs. Body composition and metabolic testing. Decide on personal fitness goals. Fitness staff assist to create customized exercise program. Trainers help meet fitness goals.

17. 9) Now it’s in phrases, but what’s still wrong with this paraphrase? Original Text: “Our Fitness Assessment Services provide members with a baseline for their fitness programs through tools such as body composition and metabolic testing. After establishing personal fitness goals, our fitness staff can assist you in creating a customized exercise program. Trainers can design a customized exercise program to help members meet their fitness goals” (“Fitness”).Fitness Assessment Services Our Paraphrase: Fitness Assessment Services = baseline for fitness programs. Body composition and metabolic testing. Decide on personal fitness goals. Fitness staff assist to create customized exercise program. Trainers help meet fitness goals.

18. Now it’s in phrases, but what’s still wrong with this paraphrase? Original Text: “Our Fitness Assessment Services provide members with a baseline for their fitness programs through tools such as body composition and metabolic testing. After establishing personal fitness goals, our fitness staff can assist you in creating a customized exercise program. Trainers can design a customized exercise program to help members meet their fitness goals” (“Fitness”).Fitness Assessment Services Our Paraphrase: Fitness Assessment Services = baseline for fitness programs. Body composition and metabolic testing. Decide on personal fitness goals. Fitness staff assist to create customized exercise program. Trainers help meet fitness goals. The paraphrase above is wrong because there are four or more words in a row from the original text. This needs to be fixed or it is plagarism!

19. The fix? Step 2) Change Words Version #1 paraphrase Fitness Assessment Services = baseline for fitness programs. Body composition and metabolic testing. Fitness staff assist to create customized exercise program. Trainers help meet fitness goals. Version #2 paraphrase (better) Fitness Assessment Services = get started with exercise program. Trainers will do “Body composition and metabolic testing.” Staff at FAS helps make exercise program just for me. Trainers help create exercise based on my goals.

20. What else could we do? Step 3) Change Order of Info Version #2 paraphrase (better!) Fitness Assessment Services = get started with exercise program. “Body composition and metabolic testing.” Staff at FAS helps make exercise program just for me. Trainers help create exercise based on my goals. Version #3 paraphrase (best) Fitness Assessment Services = at Rec center, do “Body composition and metabolic testing,” help get started with exercise program. Staff at FAS helps make exercise program just for me. Trainers help create program based on my goals.

21. You try paraphrasing: I will give you a direct quote from a source. Use the 3 methods for paraphrasing to write a paraphrase on your note sheet. Look back at the notes you wrote for reference.

22. You try paraphrasing… Original text: After completing a complementary assessment, our fitness staff will combine your current fitness level with personal goals to design an Exercise Program tailored to your needs. Your fitness specialist will demonstrate all aspects of your program so that you have a clear understanding of equipment variations and proper form.

23. Check: Trade note sheets with a partner. On your partner’s paraphrase, look for: – Did your partner AVOID using words or phrases that are the same as the original text? – Did your partner use phrases and abbreviations instead of complete sentences? – Did your partner change up the order of the information? If you can answer YES to all these questions, tell your partner congrats! If not, explain what your partner missed.

24. 4) How do I quote without accidentally plagiarizing? Be very very careful to: – Copy the original author’s words exactly – Don’t make any typos or forget any words – Copy all the punctuation exactly – Don’t take things out of context—this can change the meaning! – Put quotation marks around ONLY the actual quote—not the citation: “blah” (Johnson 14).

25. Remember: Either paraphrase or quote. There is nothing acceptable in between. You may NEVER change “part, but not all” of a text. Either way, you have to cite your source.

26. QuotingParaphrasing

27. QuotingParaphrasing I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use both exact words and ideas from my source

28. QuotingParaphrasing Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. I use both exact words and ideas from my source

29. QuotingParaphrasing Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. Since I got the ideas from my source, I cite the source after I paraphrase. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Since I got the words and ideas from my source, I cite the source after I quote.

30. QuotingParaphrasing Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use paraphrasing more often than quoting. Since I got the ideas from my source, I cite the source after I paraphrase. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Since I got the words and ideas from my source, I cite the source after I quote. I don’t use direct quotes very often.

31. QuotingParaphrasing Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use paraphrasing more often than quoting. Since I got the ideas from my source, I cite the source after I paraphrase. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Since I got the words and ideas from my source, I cite the source after I quote. I don’t use direct quotes very often.

32. QuotingParaphrasing Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use paraphrasing more often than quoting. Since I got the ideas from my source, I cite the source after I paraphrase. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Since I got the words and ideas from my source, I cite the source after I quote. I don’t use direct quotes very often.

33. QuotingParaphrasing Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use paraphrasing more often than quoting. Since I got the ideas from my source, I cite the source after I paraphrase. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Since I got the words and ideas from my source, I cite the source after I quote. I don’t use direct quotes very often.

34. QuotingParaphrasing Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use paraphrasing more often than quoting. Since I got the ideas from my source, I cite the source after I paraphrase. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Since I got the words and ideas from my source, I cite the source after I quote. I don’t use direct quotes very often. Maybe I mix and match--use some exact words from the source, AND some of my own words.

35. QuotingParaphrasing Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use paraphrasing more often than quoting. Since I got the ideas from my source, I cite the source after I paraphrase. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Since I got the words and ideas from my source, I cite the source after I quote. I don’t use direct quotes very often. Maybe I mix and match--use some exact words from the source, AND some of my own words. Maybe I don’t cite my source, even though I used ideas from it.

36. QuotingParaphrasing Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use paraphrasing more often than quoting. Since I got the ideas from my source, I cite the source after I paraphrase. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Since I got the words and ideas from my source, I cite the source after I quote. I don’t use direct quotes very often. Maybe I mix and match--use some exact words from the source, AND some of my own words. Maybe I don’t cite my source, even though I used ideas from it. Maybe I use exact words from my source without putting quotation marks around them.

37. QuotingParaphrasing Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use paraphrasing more often than quoting. Since I got the ideas from my source, I cite the source after I paraphrase. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Since I got the words and ideas from my source, I cite the source after I quote. I don’t use direct quotes very often. Maybe I mix and match--use some exact words from the source, AND some of my own words. Maybe I don’t cite my source, even though I used ideas from it. Maybe I use exact words from my source without putting quotation marks around them. Don’t Plagiarize!

38. Review: tell your neighbor: 1. What’s the difference between paraphrasing and quoting? 2. Why should you NEVER be in the middle? 3. When do you have to put a citation after a piece of information? 4. When do you have to put a piece of information in quotation marks?

39. Hand them in! Pass your note sheet to the front. Take out your 4 research articles. Take a note-taking packet.

40. Citations: You will need to cite every piece of info you use in your paper. More on how to do this later. The citation will be the first word of the Works Cited page entry, in parentheses.

41. Example: Revkin, Andrew. "Clinton on Climate Change - Video Library - The New York Times." Video Library Home Page - The New York Times. New York Times, May 2007. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. My citations for any pieces of info from this article would be: (Revkin).

42. On your notes packet: You will use one page per article. At the top of each page, write the title and author of that article. In the “citation” box, write what the citation would be for that article. Use your Works Cited page to help you. If you are stuck, ask me. Article: Space Exploration in the Digital Age, by Herbert Jones Citation: (Jones)

43. Taking notes: Overview Selection time: decide what you want to use in your paper from each article. – Ok to pull a lot of info—you can cut down more later. Decide whether you want to paraphrase or quote that piece of info. – Remember—not very many quotes Decide which subtopic it would fit under. – Background, current status, pro, con – If it doesn’t fit, don’t use it.

44. Example: This is what your note sheet will look like: Example

45. Note Sheet: You will have all of tomorrow (Wed.) to work. You will definitely have homework tomorrow night. Don’t get behind. This is a brand new cruise ship, and it’s moving faster than the last one. Enjoy it instead of swimming with the sharks!