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4. Quantitative and Analytical Management Tools Operations-Management Tools The Systems Viewpoint The Contingency Viewpoint Quality Control and Assurance Evidence-Based Management Modern Thinking Organizational Theory > Modern Thinking Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.www/boundless.com/management?campaign_content=book_258_section_31&campaign_term=Management&utm_campaign=powerpoint&u tm_medium=direct&utm_source=boundless

5. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Appendix

6. Key terms benchmarking A technique that allows a manager to compare metrics, such as quality, time, and cost, across an industry and against competitors. Contingency Viewpoint A theory of management that proposes that there is no standard for management practice, instead it should depend on the situation. decision tree A visualization of a complex decision-making situation in which the possible decisions and their likely outcomes are organized in the form of a graph that resembles a tree. Failure testing Failure testing involves determining the point of stress level in which a product will fail. fragmented thinking Thinking about problems as isolated events instead of considering problems as resulting from a system as a whole. Lean Lean is a production strategy focused on eliminating all unnecessary waste in production. Six Sigma A process-improvement method that focuses on statistical methods to reduce the number of defects in a process. terminology The set of terms actually used in any business, art, science, or the like; nomenclature; technical terms; such as, the terminology of chemistry. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Organizational Theory

7. Research and Evidence-Based Management Evidence-Based Management is modeled after Evidence-Based Medicine, which emphasizes the importance of scientific research in decision-making. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. CC BY-SA http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Scientist.jpg View on Boundless.comCC BY-SAhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Scientist.jpgView on Boundless.com Organizational Theory

8. Assembly line and quality control Many processes, such as assembly lines, help ensure quality assurance and control by streamlining the production process. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. CC BY-SA http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Wolfsburg_-_Volkswagen_Assembly_Line.jpg View on Boundless.comCC BY-SAhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Wolfsburg_-_Volkswagen_Assembly_Line.jpgView on Boundless.com Organizational Theory

9. Possibilities The basic premise behind contingency theory is that there are limitless possibilities that companies must be prepared to adapt to strategically. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Pixabay. "Possibilities." Public domain http://pixabay.com/en/options-directory-street-shield-396267/ View on Boundless.comPublic domainhttp://pixabay.com/en/options-directory-street-shield-396267/View on Boundless.com Organizational Theory

10. Systems thinking Focus on the interaction of isolated problems with one another: just as separate gears work with each other, problems in one area can effect other areas in a system as well. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. CC BY-SA http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Icon-gears.svg View on Boundless.comCC BY-SAhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Icon-gears.svgView on Boundless.com Organizational Theory

11. Six Sigma Six Sigma is a tool used by many managers when determining how to reduce the number of defects created by their processes. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. CC BY-SA http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Six_sigma-0.svg View on Boundless.comCC BY-SAhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Six_sigma-0.svgView on Boundless.com Organizational Theory

12. Trend chart A trend chart shows changes in spending, prices, efficiency, or any other metric that management is interested in analyzing over time. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. CC BY-SA http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/U.S._Defense_Spending_Trends.png View on Boundless.comCC BY-SAhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/U.S._Defense_Spending_Trends.pngView on Boundless.com Organizational Theory

13. Decision tree Decision trees are used to determine the consequences and potential outcomes of an investment or a project. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. CC BY-SA http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Decision_Tree_Elements.png View on Boundless.comCC BY-SAhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Decision_Tree_Elements.pngView on Boundless.com Organizational Theory

14. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Organizational Theory Utilizing internal operational data and comparing it to competitors or the industry as a whole is referred to as: A) Financial projections B) Simulation C) Benchmarking D) A trend chart

15. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Organizational Theory Utilizing internal operational data and comparing it to competitors or the industry as a whole is referred to as: A) Financial projections B) Simulation C) Benchmarking D) A trend chart

16. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Organizational Theory While Lean is quite similar to Six Sigma, the primary point of differentiation could be loosely described as Lean focusing more on: A) Maximizing efficiency B) Minimizing costs through slimmer processes C) Maximizing revenue through economies of scale D) Eliminating waste or excessive steps

17. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Organizational Theory While Lean is quite similar to Six Sigma, the primary point of differentiation could be loosely described as Lean focusing more on: A) Maximizing efficiency B) Minimizing costs through slimmer processes C) Maximizing revenue through economies of scale D) Eliminating waste or excessive steps

18. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Organizational Theory The outcome of a truly effective systems management strategy will be ________, where the output supercedes the sum of its parts. A) efficiency B) synergy C) effectiveness D) profit

19. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Organizational Theory The outcome of a truly effective systems management strategy will be ________, where the output supercedes the sum of its parts. A) efficiency B) synergy C) effectiveness D) profit

20. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Organizational Theory The idea of a _______ choice in a particular situation is refuted by contingency theory. A) strategic B) managerial C) best D) effective

21. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Organizational Theory The idea of a _______ choice in a particular situation is refuted by contingency theory. A) strategic B) managerial C) best D) effective

22. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Organizational Theory Measuring quality assurance (QA) is largely defined by the utilization of ________. A) inspection processes B) managerial oversight C) statistical control D) consumer feedback

23. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Organizational Theory Measuring quality assurance (QA) is largely defined by the utilization of ________. A) inspection processes B) managerial oversight C) statistical control D) consumer feedback

24. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Organizational Theory A manager wants to use evidence-based management to best decide upon how best to reach consumers. Which of the following should be taken into consideration as evidence for maximum accuracy? A) Consumer product feedback B) Consumer demographic trends C) Consumer surverys D) All of these

25. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Organizational Theory A manager wants to use evidence-based management to best decide upon how best to reach consumers. Which of the following should be taken into consideration as evidence for maximum accuracy? A) Consumer product feedback B) Consumer demographic trends C) Consumer surverys D) All of these

26. Attribution Wiktionary. "terminology." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/terminologyCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/terminology Wiktionary. "Hypothetical." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/HypotheticalCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hypothetical Wikipedia. "Evidence-based management." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence-based_managementCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence-based_management Wikipedia. "Evidence-based medicine." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence-based%20medicineCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence-based%20medicine Wikipedia. "Quality control." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_controlCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_control Wikipedia. "Quality assurance." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_assuranceCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_assurance Wikipedia. "Failure testing." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failure%20testingCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failure%20testing Wikipedia. "Approaches of management." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approaches_of_management#Systems_ApproachCC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approaches_of_management#Systems_Approach Wikipedia. "Contingency Viewpoint." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contingency%20ViewpointCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contingency%20Viewpoint Wikipedia. "Contingency theory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contingency_theoryCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contingency_theory Wikipedia. "Fragmented thinking." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmented%20thinkingCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmented%20thinking Wikipedia. "Systems thinking." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_thinking#ApplicationsCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_thinking#Applications Wikipedia. "Six sigma." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_sigmaCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_sigma Wikipedia. "Lean manufacturing." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_manufacturingCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_manufacturing Wikipedia. "Lean." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LeanCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean Wikipedia. "Six Sigma." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six%20SigmaCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six%20Sigma Wikipedia. "Operations management." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_managementCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_management Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Organizational Theory

27. Wikipedia. "Trend line (technical analysis)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trend_line_(technical_analysis)CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trend_line_(technical_analysis) Wikipedia. "Decision tree." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_treeCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_tree Wikipedia. "Simulation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SimulationCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation Wikipedia. "Payback period." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payback_periodCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payback_period Wikipedia. "Benchmarking." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BenchmarkingCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benchmarking Wiktionary. "decision tree." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/decision+treeCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/decision+tree Wikipedia. "Benchmarking." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BenchmarkingCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benchmarking Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Organizational Theory