1. K.I.S.S. GPS hello. joe.evjen@noaa.gov

2. WHAT IS OPUS? On-line Positioning User Service Fast & easy access to the NSRS (National Spatial Reference System) for GPS users

3. National Geodetic Survey National Ocean Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration G. L. Mader - 3 CORS Forum Sep. 25, 2007 Why do we need OPUS? Recognize most positioning done with GPS Recognize most positioning done with GPS Want to provide fast, accurate, consistent, reliable access to NSRS Want to provide fast, accurate, consistent, reliable access to NSRS CORS data alone does not ensure consistency CORS data alone does not ensure consistency OPUS OPUS NGS computersNGS computers NGS softwareNGS software Standard parameterizationStandard parameterization Standard coordinates/velocitiesStandard coordinates/velocities Your machine talks to our machineYour machine talks to our machine

4. Quick Link to OPUS from NGS Home Page www.ngs.noaa.gov

5. You’ve got mail! OPUS solution

6. 1191 National CORS 190+ Cooperative CORS National CORS CORS Network: Where We are Today

7. Baseline Plot National

8. http://www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/csdl/vdatum.htm VDatum Vertical Datum Transformation Tool

9. CORS solution 1 solution 3 solution 2 How does OPUS compute your position? 3 single baselines computed 3 positions averaged — simple mean (equal weights)

10. How Does OPUS Pick Base Stations? 1.Estimate position for remote station 2.Compute distance to every available CORS 3.Sort CORS by increasing distance 4.Select the 5 closest CORS 5.Look at 1 st 3 CORS with TEQC program. Criteria: ● data cover time span for remote station ● > 80% of data available ● low multipath ● if not, replace with 4 th CORS (then 5 th ) 6. Start single baseline solutions using 1 st 3 CORS ● check solution quality ● if bad solution, replace CORS with 4 th (then 5 th )

11. HOW IS THE ANTENNA HEIGHT MEASURED? ARP MARK The height is measured vertically (NOT the slant height) from the mark to the ARP of the antenna. The height is measured in meters. The ARP is almost always the center of the bottom-most, permanently attached, surface of the antenna. See GPS Antenna Calibration for photo’s and diagrams that show where the ARP is on most antennas: http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/ANTCAL / If the default height of 0.0000 is entered, OPUS will return the position of the ARP.

12. WHY DO I NEED THE ANTENNA TYPE? The antenna phase centers are located somewhere around here. The Antenna Reference Point (ARP) is almost always located in the center of the bottom surface of the antenna. The antenna offsets are the distance between the phase centers and the ARP You do not need to know these offsets. They are passed to the processing software through the antenna type Incorrect or missing antenna type  big vertical errors ARP phase ctr.

13. How Can I Improve My Results? Consider observing a longer session Avoid conditions that perturb the GPS signal— unsettled weather, solar flares, multipath (nearby reflective surfaces) Data sets of at least four hours have been shown to produce more reliable results

14. FILE: corv0590.05o 000416827 1008 NOTE: Antenna offsets supplied by the user were zero. Coordinates 1008 returned will be for the antenna reference point (ARP). 1008 NGS OPUS SOLUTION REPORT ======================== USER: jeff.olsen@noaa.gov DATE: January 13, 2006 RINEX FILE: corv059f.05o TIME: 19:08:14 UTC SOFTWARE: page5 0601.10 master3.pl START: 2005/02/28 05:00:00 EPHEMERIS: igs13121.eph [precise] STOP: 2005/02/28 06:59:30 NAV FILE: brdc0590.05n OBS USED: 4228 / 4314 : 98% ANT NAME: ASH700936B_M NONE # FIXED AMB: 25 / 29 : 86% ARP HEIGHT: 0.0 OVERALL RMS: 0.013(m) REF FRAME: NAD_83(CORS96)(EPOCH:2002.0000) ITRF00 (EPOCH:2005.1596) X: -2498423.165(m) 0.018(m) -2498423.872(m) 0.018(m) Y: -3802822.048(m) 0.021(m) -3802820.836(m) 0.021(m) Z: 4454737.695(m) 0.024(m) 4454737.792(m) 0.024(m) LAT: 44 35 7.91054 0.002(m) 44 35 7.92698 0.002(m) E LON: 236 41 43.48129 0.014(m) 236 41 43.42434 0.014(m) W LON: 123 18 16.51871 0.014(m) 123 18 16.57566 0.014(m) EL HGT: 107.485(m) 0.034(m) 107.108(m) 0.034(m) ORTHO HGT: 130.010(m) 0.043(m) [Geoid03 NAVD88] UTM COORDINATES STATE PLANE COORDINATES UTM (Zone 10) SPC (3601 OR N) Northing (Y) [meters] 4936954.907 105971.557 Easting (X) [meters] 475821.322 2277335.385 Convergence [degrees] -0.21381402 -1.98897497 Point Scale 0.99960719 0.99994603 Combined Factor 0.99959034 0.99992918 US NATIONAL GRID DESIGNATOR: 10TDQ7582136955(NAD 83) BASE STATIONS USED PID DESIGNATION LATITUDE LONGITUDE DISTANCE(m) AH2489 NEWP NEWPORT CORS ARP N443506.072 W1240342.736 60138.7 AJ6959 CHZZ CAPE MEARS CORS ARP N452911.437 W1235841.187 113322.4 DH4503 P376 EOLARESVR_OR2004 CORS ARP N445628.313 W1230608.100 42648.2 NEAREST NGS PUBLISHED CONTROL POINT AH2486 CORVALLIS CORS ARP N443507.910 W1231816.519 0.0 OPUS Output - Standard

15. Allowable Data Formats Compressed archive of multiple files. Archive must contain RINEX “site123h.04o” or Hatanaka “site123h.04d” Compressed individual files.“Site123h.zip”must contain “site123h.06o” or “site123h.06d” Manufacturer’s native / raw (binary) —uncompressed--as long as UNAVCO’s teqc program can process it RINEX Receiver Independent Exchange-- uncompressed

16. Select or exclude base stations including Cooperative CORS Select state plane coordinate zone Extended Output Set user profile Associate antenna type, antenna height, SPC code, selected base stations and extended option choices with your email address

17. Report Options + extended report + XML report + select state plane Sharing Options + add to database + add to campaign Solution Options + set user profile + select CORS + select software

18. FILE: corv0590.05o 000416827 1008 NOTE: Antenna offsets supplied by the user were zero. Coordinates 1008 returned will be for the antenna reference point (ARP). 1008 NGS OPUS SOLUTION REPORT ======================== USER: jeff.olsen@noaa.gov DATE: January 13, 2006 RINEX FILE: corv059f.05o TIME: 19:08:14 UTC SOFTWARE: page5 0601.10 master3.pl START: 2005/02/28 05:00:00 EPHEMERIS: igs13121.eph [precise] STOP: 2005/02/28 06:59:30 NAV FILE: brdc0590.05n OBS USED: 4228 / 4314 : 98% ANT NAME: ASH700936B_M NONE # FIXED AMB: 25 / 29 : 86% ARP HEIGHT: 0.0 OVERALL RMS: 0.013(m) REF FRAME: NAD_83(CORS96)(EPOCH:2002.0000) ITRF00 (EPOCH:2005.1596) X: -2498423.165(m) 0.018(m) -2498423.872(m) 0.018(m) Y: -3802822.048(m) 0.021(m) -3802820.836(m) 0.021(m) Z: 4454737.695(m) 0.024(m) 4454737.792(m) 0.024(m) LAT: 44 35 7.91054 0.002(m) 44 35 7.92698 0.002(m) E LON: 236 41 43.48129 0.014(m) 236 41 43.42434 0.014(m) W LON: 123 18 16.51871 0.014(m) 123 18 16.57566 0.014(m) EL HGT: 107.485(m) 0.034(m) 107.108(m) 0.034(m) ORTHO HGT: 130.010(m) 0.043(m) [Geoid03 NAVD88] UTM COORDINATES STATE PLANE COORDINATES UTM (Zone 10) SPC (3601 OR N) Northing (Y) [meters] 4936954.907 105971.557 Easting (X) [meters] 475821.322 2277335.385 Convergence [degrees] -0.21381402 -1.98897497 Point Scale 0.99960719 0.99994603 Combined Factor 0.99959034 0.99992918 US NATIONAL GRID DESIGNATOR: 10TDQ7582136955(NAD 83) BASE STATIONS USED PID DESIGNATION LATITUDE LONGITUDE DISTANCE(m) AH2489 NEWP NEWPORT CORS ARP N443506.072 W1240342.736 60138.7 AJ6959 CHZZ CAPE MEARS CORS ARP N452911.437 W1235841.187 113322.4 DH4503 P376 EOLARESVR_OR2004 CORS ARP N445628.313 W1230608.100 42648.2 NEAREST NGS PUBLISHED CONTROL POINT AH2486 CORVALLIS CORS ARP N443507.910 W1231816.519 0.0 OPUS Output Standard

19. USER: jeff.olsen@noaa.gov DATE: January 13, 2006 RINEX FILE: corv059f.05o TIME: 19:08:14 UTC SOFTWARE: page5 0601.10 master3.pl START: 2005/02/28 05:00:00 EPHEMERIS: igs13121.eph [precise] STOP: 2005/02/28 06:59:30 NAV FILE: brdc0590.05n OBS USED: 4228 / 4314 : 98% ANT NAME: ASH700936B_M NONE # FIXED AMB: 25 / 29 : 86% ARP HEIGHT: 0.0 OVERALL RMS: 0.013(m) Reading OPUS Output The version of PAGES software used for processing The antenna type you selected and height of antenna reference point height you entered. Confirm that these are correct. The ephemeris used (OPUS will use the best available): “igs” final post-fit orbit--better than 1 cm (10-14 days wait) “igr” rapid post-fit orbit--better than 2 cm (17 hours wait) “igu” ultra-rapid predicted orbit--better than 20 cm (available immediately) Navigation file used Your email address & observation file. Solution run date & time

20. USER: jeff.olsen@noaa.gov DATE: January 13, 2006 RINEX FILE: corv059f.05o TIME: 19:08:14 UTC SOFTWARE: page5 0601.10 master3.pl START: 2005/02/28 05:00:00 EPHEMERIS: igs13121.eph [precise] STOP: 2005/02/28 06:59:30 NAV FILE: brdc0590.05n OBS USED: 4228 / 4314 : 98% ANT NAME: ASH700936B_M NONE # FIXED AMB: 25 / 29 : 86% ARP HEIGHT: 0.0 OVERALL RMS: 0.013(m) Start & end dates & times of your file Ratio and % of observations used in solution Ratio and % of fixed/total ambiguities Overall RMS of the solution Reading OPUS Output con’t.

21. Guidelines for Good Solution  Make sure antenna type and height are correct  Review statistics: at least 90% of observations should be used OBS USED: 4228 / 4314 : 98% at least 50% of the ambiguities should be fixed # FIXED AMB: 25 / 29 : 86% overall RMS should seldom exceed 0.030 m OVERALL RMS: 0.013(m)  In case of bad statistics, try choosing different CORS and re-submit.

22. REF FRAME: NAD_83(CORS96)(EPOCH:2002.0000) ITRF00 (EPOCH:2005.1596) X: -2498423.165(m) 0.018(m) -2498423.872(m) 0.018(m) Y: -3802822.048(m) 0.021(m) -3802820.836(m) 0.021(m) Z: 4454737.695(m) 0.024(m) 4454737.792(m) 0.024(m) LAT: 44 35 7.91054 0.002(m) 44 35 7.92698 0.002(m) E LON: 236 41 43.48129 0.014(m) 236 41 43.42434 0.014(m) W LON: 123 18 16.51871 0.014(m) 123 18 16.57566 0.014(m) EL HGT: 107.485(m) 0.034(m) 107.108(m) 0.034(m) ORTHO HGT: 130.010(m) 0.043(m) Reference frames. Epochs Position, xyz Peak-peak errors, xyz (range, max-min) Peak-peak errors may vary between NAD83 & ITRF Orthometric ht. is based on current geoid model Reading OPUS Output con’t. Solution/Coordinates [Geoid03 NAVD88] Position, lat / long / eh / oh Peak-peak for lat/long etc

23. How does OPUS estimate errors? peak to peak.860.890 Example from ITRF x coordinate of corv059 output. The decimal portions of the three solutions in the extended output are:.8690,.8709 and.8861 m. The simple mean of these values as displayed in the output is.875. Sigma is.009. The peak-peak (max-min) distance is.017. The peak-peak can perhaps be thought of as approximating 2 sigma, but is not intended to be relied on in that fashion. It is intended simply as a conservative estimate of the solution accuracy. Mean +/-1 σ (.009 m) Peak-peak error =.017 m Conservative accuracy estimate, ~ 2 σ Peak-peak should seldom exceed 5 cm Vertical is typically at least twice horizontal.880.870 mean p376-corv newp-corv chzz-corv Mean +/-2 σ (.018 m) meters

24.  CORS solution 1 solution 2 your peak-to-peaks: scaled from the spread of the 3 CORS solutions solution 3 your position: averaged from the 3 CORS solutions h

25. UTM COORDINATES STATE PLANE COORDINATES UTM (Zone 10) SPC (3601 OR N) Northing (Y) [meters] 4936954.907 105971.557 Easting (X) [meters] 475821.322 2277335.385 Convergence [degrees] -0.21381402 -1.98897497 Point Scale 0.99960719 0.99994603 Combined Factor 0.99959034 0.99992918 US NATIONAL GRID DESIGNATOR: 10TDQ7582136955(NAD 83) Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates State Plane coordinates (if requested) US National Grid OPUS Output con’t. Grid Coordinates

26. BASE STATIONS USED PID DESIGNATION LATITUDE LONGITUDE DISTANCE(m) AH2489 NEWP NEWPORT CORS ARP N443506.072 W1240342.736 60138.7 AJ6959 CHZZ CAPE MEARS CORS ARP N452911.437 W1235841.187 113322.4 DH4503 P376 EOLARESVR_OR2004 CORS ARP N445628.313 W1230608.100 42648.2 NEAREST NGS PUBLISHED CONTROL POINT AH2486 CORVALLIS CORS ARP N443507.910 W1231816.519 0.0 This position and the above vector components were computed without any knowledge by the National Geodetic Survey regarding the equipment or field operating procedures used. READING OPUS OUTPUT (control) Disclaimer Base Stations--NAD83 position--distance away The closest published station in the NGS data base In case you didn’t know it was there

27. Areas Covered by OPUS

28. DEFAULTS: $$$ receiver hours of data one receiver no archive no delimiters US only GPS only OPUSOPUS in the works ¢¢ ¢¢ receivers * OPUS mapper OPUS mapper minutes minutes of dataOPUS-RSOPUS-RS multiple multiple receivers * OPUS-projects OPUS-projects share share results * OPUS-DB OPUS-DB delimited delimited resultsOPUS-XML global global results * OPUS-global GNSS GNSS signals * OPUS-GNSS  heights * OPUS-leveling Operational components are available at http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/ * Prototype components are available at http://beta.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/http://beta.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/

29. OPUS-RS Accuracy for 15-minute data sets

30. OPUS-RS Coverage Interpolative Dilution of Precision (IDOP) Values

31. FILE: corv0590.05o 000416827 1008 NOTE: Antenna offsets supplied by the user were zero. Coordinates 1008 returned will be for the antenna reference point (ARP). 1008 NGS OPUS SOLUTION REPORT ======================== USER: jeff.olsen@noaa.gov DATE: January 13, 2006 RINEX FILE: corv059f.05o TIME: 19:08:14 UTC SOFTWARE: page5 0601.10 master3.pl START: 2005/02/28 05:00:00 EPHEMERIS: igs13121.eph [precise] STOP: 2005/02/28 06:59:30 NAV FILE: brdc0590.05n OBS USED: 4228 / 4314 : 98% ANT NAME: ASH700936B_M NONE # FIXED AMB: 25 / 29 : 86% ARP HEIGHT: 0.0 OVERALL RMS: 0.013(m) REF FRAME: NAD_83(CORS96)(EPOCH:2002.0000) ITRF00 (EPOCH:2005.1596) X: -2498423.165(m) 0.018(m) -2498423.872(m) 0.018(m) Y: -3802822.048(m) 0.021(m) -3802820.836(m) 0.021(m) Z: 4454737.695(m) 0.024(m) 4454737.792(m) 0.024(m) LAT: 44 35 7.91054 0.002(m) 44 35 7.92698 0.002(m) E LON: 236 41 43.48129 0.014(m) 236 41 43.42434 0.014(m) W LON: 123 18 16.51871 0.014(m) 123 18 16.57566 0.014(m) EL HGT: 107.485(m) 0.034(m) 107.108(m) 0.034(m) ORTHO HGT: 130.010(m) 0.043(m) [Geoid03 NAVD88] UTM COORDINATES STATE PLANE COORDINATES UTM (Zone 10) SPC (3601 OR N) Northing (Y) [meters] 4936954.907 105971.557 Easting (X) [meters] 475821.322 2277335.385 Convergence [degrees] -0.21381402 -1.98897497 Point Scale 0.99960719 0.99994603 Combined Factor 0.99959034 0.99992918 US NATIONAL GRID DESIGNATOR: 10TDQ7582136955(NAD 83) BASE STATIONS USED PID DESIGNATION LATITUDE LONGITUDE DISTANCE(m) AH2489 NEWP NEWPORT CORS ARP N443506.072 W1240342.736 60138.7 AJ6959 CHZZ CAPE MEARS CORS ARP N452911.437 W1235841.187 113322.4 DH4503 P376 EOLARESVR_OR2004 CORS ARP N445628.313 W1230608.100 42648.2 NEAREST NGS PUBLISHED CONTROL POINT AH2486 CORVALLIS CORS ARP N443507.910 W1231816.519 0.0 OPUS Output - Standard FILE: corv0590.05o 000416827 1008 NOTE: Antenna offsets supplied by the user were zero. Coordinates 1008 returned will be for the antenna reference point (ARP). 1008 NGS OPUS SOLUTION REPORT ======================== USER: jeff.olsen@noaa.gov DATE: January 13, 2006 RINEX FILE: corv059f.05o TIME: 19:08:14 UTC SOFTWARE: page5 0601.10 master3.pl START: 2005/02/28 05:00:00 EPHEMERIS: igs13121.eph [precise] STOP: 2005/02/28 06:59:30 NAV FILE: brdc0590.05n OBS USED: 4228 / 4314 : 98% ANT NAME: ASH700936B_M NONE # FIXED AMB: 25 / 29 : 86% ARP HEIGHT: 0.0 OVERALL RMS: 0.013(m) REF FRAME: NAD_83(CORS96)(EPOCH:2002.0000) ITRF00 (EPOCH:2005.1596) X: -2498423.165(m) 0.018(m) -2498423.872(m) 0.018(m) Y: -3802822.048(m) 0.021(m) -3802820.836(m) 0.021(m) Z: 4454737.695(m) 0.024(m) 4454737.792(m) 0.024(m) LAT: 44 35 7.91054 0.002(m) 44 35 7.92698 0.002(m) E LON: 236 41 43.48129 0.014(m) 236 41 43.42434 0.014(m) W LON: 123 18 16.51871 0.014(m) 123 18 16.57566 0.014(m) EL HGT: 107.485(m) 0.034(m) 107.108(m) 0.034(m) ORTHO HGT: 130.010(m) 0.043(m) [Geoid03 NAVD88] UTM COORDINATES STATE PLANE COORDINATES UTM (Zone 10) SPC (3601 OR N) Northing (Y) [meters] 4936954.907 105971.557 Easting (X) [meters] 475821.322 2277335.385 Convergence [degrees] -0.21381402 -1.98897497 Point Scale 0.99960719 0.99994603 Combined Factor 0.99959034 0.99992918 US NATIONAL GRID DESIGNATOR: 10TDQ7582136955(NAD 83) BASE STATIONS USED PID DESIGNATION LATITUDE LONGITUDE DISTANCE(m) AH2489 NEWP NEWPORT CORS ARP N443506.072 W1240342.736 60138.7 AJ6959 CHZZ CAPE MEARS CORS ARP N452911.437 W1235841.187 113322.4 DH4503 P376 EOLARESVR_OR2004 CORS ARP N445628.313 W1230608.100 42648.2 NEAREST NGS PUBLISHED CONTROL POINT AH2486 CORVALLIS CORS ARP N443507.910 W1231816.519 0.0 joe.evjen@gmail.com February 19, 2008 01:16:22 UTC zzyy1500.07o page5 0612.06 master3.pl igs14293.eph [precise] brdc1500.07n TRM41249.00 NONE 0.0 2007/05/30 00:00:00 2007/05/30 23:59:00 52955 55069 96 218 242 90 0.021 NAD_83(CORS96) 2002.0000 -496255.901 -5510741.494 3162058.243 29 54 48.44070 0.003 m 264 51 15.31122 0.002 m -7.199 0.027 m ITRF00 (EPOCH:2007.4096) 2007.4096 -496256.585 -5510740.027 3162058.057 29 54 48.45813 0.003 m 264 51 15.28092 0.002 m -8.505 0.027 m 20.154 3311130.625 292843.826 -1.07044705 1.00012949 1.00013062 <PLANE_COORD_SPEC TYPE="SPC" ZONE="4204(TXSC )"> 4236668.327 972105.452 1.88824726 0.99991407 0.99991520 15RTP9284411131(NAD 83) DE5999 ADKS ADDICKS 1795 CORS ARP N294727.47185 W0953511.04262 44692.309 DJ8995 ROD1 ROD1 CORS ARP N300420.45377 W0953136.45801 40769.489 DH3612 TXLI LIBERTY CORS ARP N300321.18092 W0944615.67967 39457.656 AA9861 LAKE HOUSTON 2050 CORS L1 PHS N295448.44005 W0950844.68949 0.000 This position and the above vector components were computed without any knowledge by the National Geodetic Survey regarding the equiqment or field operating procedure used. OPUS Output - XML

32. NGS-modeled antenna OPUS website http://geodesy.noaa.gov/OPUS http://geodesy.noaa.gov/OPUS your datasheet QA/QC OPUS Concept antenna type, height control station photo * control station description * control station monument register your agency ------public datashee t review OPUS  Datasheet Concept * optional for “existing” stations. GPS data (4+hr, good stats )

33. Stable Permanent Unique Recoverable Safe Z 125 1935 --|-- control station monument control station requirements

34. GPS data requirements “OPUSable” 4+ hours of dual frequency data NGS-calibrated antenna OPUS must achieve: ≥ 90% observations used ≥ 80% ambiguities fixed ≤ 0.02m peak-to-peak horizontal ≤ 0.04m peak-to-peak vertical NGS-modeled antenna GPS data (4+hr, good stats )

35. * optional for “existing” stations. control station description * control station photo * metadata requirements observation notes Simplified bluebooking antenna type, height

38. USER OPUS GPS DATA SOLUTION In the usual OPUS procedure, the user submits his GPS data and receives a solution via email. OPUS-Projects

39. USER OPUS GPS DATA SOLUTION Project Management, etc. Project GPS DATA In OPUS-Projects the OPUS solutions can be emailed to any number of persons associated with the project, allowing data collection and quality to be closely monitored. The data is also delivered to the project directory for network processing as data collection for each day is completed. OPUS-Projects ADJUSTED SOLUTION

40. From the Field Point of View Observer submits all data to OPUS 1 st Data Submission –Completes main page (antenna type & ARP hgt.) –Selects options –Enters project ID & sets profile All subsequent data submissions –Needs only to enter email address and data –Profile values fixed to email address

41. From the Project Managers Point of View Receives OPUS solution emails from all observers Monitor data collection Monitor data quality Data file management is provided Daily network solutions while project is still underway Near real time feedback to project personnel

42. OPUS-RS (Rapid Static) Became operational February 2007 Allows data spans as short as 15 min. Uses software developed at OSU providing rapid ambiguity resolution

43. mmcmdmmdamhmkm # of People Who Care Position Accuracy NGS Works Here GIS Works Here

44. OPUS-GIS Accepts single frequency data Accepts kinematic data Differential range solution to CORS Kinematic trajectory report Static occupation report Shape files are coming

45. Why do we need OPUS-GIS? Centimeter accuracy not appropriate for all objects Lower grade receivers can deliver usable results Recover kinematic traverses Consistent application to NSRS across accuracy spectrum

46. NN SS EEWW Effect of Differential Positioning Point positioningDifferential Positioning

47. 2005/12/ 3 17: 1:31.0 2.9 1.160 954480.027 -5680360.821 2729931.909 1.056 2.848 1.418 25.5077314 -80.4616043 -27.099 0.913 1.239 2.977 2005/12/ 3 17: 1:32.0 3.2 1.236 954481.086 -5680362.067 2729932.279 1.441 3.341 1.528 25.5077290 -80.4615959 -25.672 1.070 1.474 3.500 2005/12/ 3 17: 1:33.0 3.2 1.222 954481.036 -5680362.056 2729932.286 1.426 3.303 1.511 25.5077291 -80.4615964 -25.687 1.059 1.458 3.461 2005/12/ 3 17: 1:34.0 3.2 1.083 954481.059 -5680362.424 2729932.291 1.263 2.926 1.338 25.5077277 -80.4615968 -25.353 0.938 1.292 3.066 2005/12/ 3 17: 1:35.0 3.2 1.067 954480.952 -5680362.523 2729932.256 1.245 2.881 1.318 25.5077271 -80.4615980 -25.297 0.924 1.272 3.018 2005/12/ 3 17: 1:36.0 2.9 1.072 954480.179 -5680361.378 2729932.061 0.975 2.626 1.307 25.5077304 -80.4616037 -26.515 0.844 1.143 2.746 2005/12/ 3 17: 1:37.0 2.9 1.007 954480.317 -5680361.418 2729932.122 0.916 2.467 1.228 25.5077307 -80.4616024 -26.432 0.793 1.074 2.579 2005/12/ 3 17: 1:38.0 2.9 0.926 954480.509 -5680361.612 2729932.255 0.843 2.268 1.129 25.5077309 -80.4616009 -26.174 0.729 0.987 2.370 2005/12/ 3 17: 1:39.0 2.9 0.852 954480.740 -5680361.761 2729932.392 0.776 2.088 1.040 25.5077313 -80.4615988 -25.947 0.671 0.909 2.183 2005/12/ 3 17: 1:40.0 2.9 0.772 954480.960 -5680361.889 2729932.507 0.703 1.891 0.941 25.5077316 -80.4615969 -25.752 0.608 0.824 1.977 2005/12/ 3 17: 1:41.0 2.9 0.751 954481.064 -5680362.026 2729932.598 0.683 1.838 0.915 25.5077317 -80.4615961 -25.575 0.591 0.801 1.921 2005/12/ 3 17: 1:42.0 2.9 0.732 954481.140 -5680362.105 2729932.554 0.666 1.790 0.891 25.5077310 -80.4615955 -25.512 0.576 0.780 1.871 2005/12/ 3 17: 1:43.0 3.2 0.970 954481.362 -5680362.468 2729932.576 1.132 2.613 1.196 25.5077297 -80.4615939 -25.146 0.841 1.157 2.738 2005/12/ 3 17: 1:44.0 2.9 0.671 954481.325 -5680362.341 2729932.577 0.611 1.641 0.818 25.5077302 -80.4615941 -25.264 0.528 0.716 1.716 2005/12/ 3 17: 1:45.0 2.9 0.639 954481.429 -5680362.449 2729932.646 0.582 1.563 0.779 25.5077303 -80.4615932 -25.123 0.504 0.682 1.634 2005/12/ 3 17: 1:46.0 2.9 0.625 954481.526 -5680362.463 2729932.677 0.569 1.528 0.761 25.5077304 -80.4615923 -25.083 0.493 0.666 1.598 2005/12/ 3 17: 1:47.0 2.9 0.621 954481.582 -5680362.499 2729932.724 0.566 1.518 0.756 25.5077306 -80.4615918 -25.022 0.490 0.662 1.587 Date & Time RDOP RMS XYZXYZ RMSLAT, LON, EL HGT NEU RMS OPUS–GIS Kinematic Trajectory Report

48. Station #: 1 File: zzyy337r.05o 2005/12/ 3 17: 1:31 954482.055 0.566 25 1 27.8497 0.603 2005/12/ 3 17: 3:14 -5680362.733 0.590 -80 27 41.7152 0.487 #sec: 103 #pts: 104 2729933.535 0.812 -24.3934 0.855 Station #: 2 File: zzyy337r.05o 2005/12/ 3 17: 4:41 955062.476 0.248 25 4 23.5041 0.268 2005/12/ 3 17: 7:23 -5680325.193 0.257 -80 27 20.9951 0.250 #sec: 162 #pts: 163 2729813.609 0.339 -22.6164 0.330 Station #: 3 File: zzyy337r.05o 2005/12/ 3 17: 9:56 955528.756 0.327 25 9 57.3369 0.179 2005/12/ 3 17:12:31 -5680598.380 0.312 -80 27 6.1520 0.280 #sec: 155 #pts: 156 2729086.863 0.359 -22.5733 0.472 Station #: 4 File: zzyy337r.05o 2005/12/ 3 17:14:13 956928.191 2.125 25 14 57.7295 0.045 2005/12/ 3 17:14:23 -5680357.338 0.525 -80 26 15.3043 2.181 #sec: 10 #pts: 11 2729097.676 0.128 -22.7844 0.206 OPUS–GIS Static Occupation Report …

50. OPUS-GIS output Station #: 1 File: zzyy2230.06o 2006/ 8/11 1: 1: 0 -659935.745 0.286 32 1 32.5158 0.314 2006/ 8/11 2:15: 0 -5328390.873 0.484 -97 3 37.0249 0.260 #sec: 4440 #pts: 146 3431592.952 0.401 143.0226 0.558 Station #: 2 File: zzyy2230.06o 2006/ 8/11 2:15:30 -659935.581 0.281 32 15 32.5078 0.296 2006/ 8/11 2:20: 0 -5328391.041 0.626 -97 3 37.0178 0.292 #sec: 270 #pts: 10 3431592.750 0.424 143.0372 0.692 Station #: 3 File: zzyy2230.06o 2006/ 8/11 2:33:30 -659935.568 0.344 32 33 32.5096 0.266 2006/ 8/11 2:38:30 -5328391.003 0.586 -97 3 37.0175 0.365 #sec: 300 #pts: 11 3431592.792 0.361 143.0265 0.623 Station #: 4 File: zzyy2230.06o 2006/ 8/11 2:41:30 -659935.598 0.488 32 41 32.5175 0.259 2006/ 8/11 2:52: 0 -5328390.395 0.757 -97 3 37.0215 0.431 #sec: 630 #pts: 22 3431592.697 0.428 142.4706 0.861 Station #: 5 File: zzyy2230.06o 2006/ 8/11 2:52:30 -659935.747 0.421 32 52 32.5170 0.280 2006/ 8/11 3:35: 0 -5328390.635 0.682 -97 3 37.0260 0.361 #sec: 2550 #pts: 86 3431592.843 0.425 142.7651 0.784

51. OPUS Extended Output

52. BASE STATION INFORMATION STATION NAME: newp a 10 (Newport; Newport, Oregon USA) ANTENNA: ASH700936B_M S/N=CR16197 XYZ -2548454.0306 -3769449.6516 4454636.5526 MON @ 1997.0000 (M) XYZ -0.0067 0.0016 -0.0042 VEL (M/YR) NEU -0.0000 -0.0000 1.4240 MON TO ARP (M) NEU -0.0000 0.0000 0.1089 ARP TO L1 PHASE CENTER (M) NEU -0.0000 0.0000 0.1274 ARP TO L2 PHASE CENTER (M) XYZ -0.0547 0.0131 -0.0343 VEL TIMES 8.1597 YRS XYZ -0.5680 -0.8402 0.9996 MON TO ARP XYZ -0.0434 -0.0643 0.0764 ARP TO L1 PHASE CENTER XYZ -2548454.6967 -3769450.5430 4454637.5944 L1 PHS CEN @ 2005.1596 XYZ 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 + XYZ ADJUSTMENTS XYZ -2548454.6967 -3769450.5430 4454637.5944 NEW L1 PHS CEN @ 2005.1596 XYZ -2548454.6533 -3769450.4787 4454637.5180 NEW ARP @ 2005.1596 XYZ -2548454.0852 -3769449.6385 4454636.5184 NEW MON @ 2005.1596 LLH 44 35 6.08851 235 56 17.20688 21.9484 NEW L1 PHS CEN @ 2005.1596 LLH 44 35 6.08851 235 56 17.20688 21.8395 NEW ARP @ 2005.1596 LLH 44 35 6.08851 235 56 17.20688 20.4155 NEW MON @ 2005.1596 OPUS Extended Output: Base Station Information Each CORS has a section like the one above, with ITRF xyz coordinates computed using HTDP velocities for the epoch of the observations (mid-point of the session). Note the above CORS has a monument separate from the ARP (positions coincide but ellipsoid heights are different). Base station and antenna used Monument starting ITRF coordinates. NEU offsets ITRF XYZ at mid-pt of session ITRF lat long EH at mid-pt of session XYZ offsets and position Position offsets at mid-pt of session Velocity in XYZ. These values are usually 0.000 for CORS (as they are here). The differences between initial and computed positions These values are larger for the unknown station as we will see. Time interval to multiply times velocity = decimal year at mid-pt of session minus 1997.0000 = 8.1597 yrs

53. REMOTE STATION INFORMATION STATION NAME: corv 1 ANTENNA: ASH700936B_M SNOW S/N=UNKNOWN XYZ -2498422.0030 -3802821.7980 4454738.6350 MON @ 2005.1595 (M) NEU -0.0000 -0.0000 -0.0001 MON TO ARP (M) NEU 0.0000 0.0000 0.1081 ARP TO L1 PHASE CENTER (M) NEU 0.0000 0.0000 0.1256 ARP TO L2 PHASE CENTER (M) XYZ 0.0000 0.0001 -0.0001 MON TO ARP XYZ -0.0423 -0.0643 0.0759 ARP TO L1 PHASE CENTER XYZ -2498422.0452 -3802821.8623 4454738.7108 L1 PHS CEN @ 2005.1596 OPUS Extended Output: Remote Station Information The initial ITRF xyz position for the station being solved for is displayed for the mid-point of the observation time span. A similar position is obtained for the L1 phase center based on the antenna type selected. The antenna height is 0.000 here because we are solving for the Antenna Reference Point position. Typically, however, you will have entered a non-zero antenna height.

54. OPUS Extended Output: Remote Station cont  Final positions based on this first vector. The XYZ adjustments are the difference between the initial and final positions. XYZ -2498422.0452 -3802821.8623 4454738.7108 L1 PHS CEN @ 2005.1596 BASELINE NAME: newp corv XYZ -1.8831 0.9528 -0.8303 + XYZ ADJUSTMENTS XYZ -2498423.9283 -3802820.9095 4454737.8805 NEW L1 PHS CEN @ 2005.1596 XYZ -2498423.8860 -3802820.8451 4454737.8047 NEW ARP @ 2005.1596 XYZ -2498423.8861 -3802820.8452 4454737.8047 NEW MON @ 2005.1596 LLH 44 35 7.92693 236 41 43.42403 107.2364 NEW L1 PHS CEN @ 2005.1596 LLH 44 35 7.92693 236 41 43.42403 107.1283 NEW ARP @ 2005.1596 LLH 44 35 7.92693 236 41 43.42403 107.1284 NEW MON @ 2005.1596 Preliminary ITRF coordinates for the remote station incorporating velocities computed for mid-point of session in the previous section  Final remote station ITRF latitude, longitude and ellipsoid height for this vector. Similar for the two remaining vectors. The first of 3 baselines being solved

55. OPUS Extended Output: gfiles G-FILES Axx2005 228 5 228 B2005 228 5 0 5 228 659 1 page5 v0411.19IGS 222 1 2 27NGS 2006 110IFDDFX Iant_info.003 NGS 20060110 C00090001 -500301992 15 333712066 21 -1012864 25 X0595ACORVX0595ANEWP D 1 2 8074967 1 3 -8657359 2 3 -8955936 Axx2005 228 5 228 B2005 228 5 0 5 228 659 1 page5 v0411.19IGS 222 1 2 27NGS 2006 110IFDDFX Iant_info.003 NGS 20060110 C00090002 -49126271 27 884134550 32 707170134 51 X0595ACORVX0595ACHZZ D 1 2 8158782 1 3 -8510487 2 3 -7117245 Axx2005 228 5 228 B2005 228 5 0 5 228 659 1 page5 v0411.19IGS 222 1 2 27NGS 2006 110IFDDFX Iant_info.003 NGS 20060110 C00090003 286169924 13 144722673 17 281156013 20 X0595ACORVX0595AP376 D 1 2 9256643 1 3 -6469194 2 3 -7978592 Each of the three baselines has a section of A, B, I, C and D records. The specific record formats are listed in Bluebook Annex N, http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/FGCS/BlueBook/pdf/Annex_N.pdf. The C record contains dx, dy, dz vector components and related standard deviations. The D record contains correlations. The gfiles can be combined to do NGS-style adjustment with gfile and bfile (next slide). http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/FGCS/BlueBook/pdf/Annex_N.pdf

56. OPUS Extended Output: user-constructed composite gfile Axx2005 228 5 228 **first session, first vector:** B2005 3 117 0 5 3 11859 1 page5 v0601.10IGS 222 1 2 27NGS 2006 113IFDDFX Iant_info.003 NGS 20060113 C00090001 -500302065 15 333712070 20 -1012813 24 X0605ACORVX0605ANEWP D 1 2 7430190 1 3 -8143037 2 3 -9277350 **first session, second vector:** B2005 3 117 0 5 3 11859 1 page5 v0601.10IGS 222 1 2 27NGS 2006 113IFDDFX Iant_info.003 NGS 20060113 C00090002 -49126038 18 884134654 28 707169927 35 X0605ACORVX0605ACHZZ D 1 2 8612299 1 3 -8840443 2 3 -8385989 **first session, third vector:** B2005 3 117 0 5 3 11859 1 page5 v0601.10IGS 222 1 2 27NGS 2006 113IFDDFX Iant_info.003 NGS 20060113 C00090003 286169906 13 144722682 18 281156043 24 X0605ACORVX0605AP376 D 1 2 8779188 1 3 -7118769 2 3 -8693288 **second session, first vector:** B2005 6 117 0 5 6 11859 1 page5 v0601.10IGS 222 1 2 27NGS 2006 113IFDDFX Iant_info.003 NGS 20060113 C00090001 -500301975 13 333712099 17 -1012891 20 X1525ACORVX1525ANEWP D 1 2 7783139 1 3 -8265107 2 3 -9194771 **second session, second vector:** B2005 6 117 0 5 6 11859 1 page5 v0601.10IGS 222 1 2 27NGS 2006 113IFDDFX Iant_info.003 NGS 20060113 C00090002 -49126063 14 884134679 20 707169869 26 X1525ACORVX1525ACHZZ D 1 2 8654983 1 3 -8471449 2 3 -7513444 **second session, third vector:** B2005 6 117 0 5 6 11859 1 page5 v0601.10IGS 222 1 2 27NGS 2006 113IFDDFX Iant_info.003 NGS 20060113 C00090003 286169960 14 144722734 18 281155938 22 X1525ACORVX1525AP376 D 1 2 9047597 1 3 -7018973 2 3 -8300669 Example of two occupations of a station. Gfile constructed by deleting all but first “Axx2005…” lines from the extended output, then appending the two baselines’ gfiles to the first one, then adding second session results to the first session. Extra lines inserted to show file structure

57. OPUS Extended Output: Post-fit RMS…. POST-FIT RMS BY SATELLITE VS. BASELINE OVERALL 01 04 11 13 14 16 20 23 newp-corv| 0.013 0.013 0.030 0.009 0.015 0.022 0.011... 0.007 24 25 newp-corv| 0.015 0.008 NGS’ baseline processor “PAGES” (Program for the Adjustment of GPS Ephemerides) develops statistics such as the above to aid in analyzing solution quality. In the spirit of automated processing that is fundamental to OPUS, there is no option to disable specific satellites. Each baseline has a section like the one shown above.

58. OPUS Extended Output: Observations summary OBS BY SATELLITE VS. BASELINE OVERALL 01 04 11 13 14 16 20 23 newp-corv| 1482 239 57 158 127 32 162... 237 24 25 newp-corv| 231 239 OVERALL 01 04 11 13 14 16 20 23 chzz-corv| 1260 128 65 149 125... 117... 238 24 25 chzz-corv| 218 220 OVERALL 01 04 11 13 14 16 20 23 p376-corv| 1486 239 67 156 129 35 163... 238 24 25 p376-corv| 220 239 Each baseline has a summary of the observations received from each satellite. OBS USED: 4228 / 4314 : 98% As discussed on slides 14 & 15 (Reading OPUS output, Guidelines for Good Solution), the Standard Output summarizes the total percent of observations used over all three baselines.

59. OPUS Extended Output: Covariance Matrices Covariance Matrix for the xyz OPUS Position (meters2). 0.0000024956 0.0000002586 -0.0000003699 0.0000002586 0.0000038978 -0.0000004229 -0.0000003699 -0.0000004229 0.0000080578 Covariance Matrix for the enu OPUS Position (meters2). 0.0000026809 -0.0000004333 0.0000003326 -0.0000004333 0.0000053747 0.0000021840 0.0000003326 0.0000021840 0.0000063955 Horizontal network accuracy = 0.00500 meters. Vertical network accuracy = 0.00496 meters. Additional statistics developed by PAGES for use in commercial adjustment software: Diagonal elements: Variance of x:0.0000024956 Variance of y: 0.0000038978 Variance of z: 0.0000080578 Off-diagonal elements: Covariance of x-y: 0.000002586 Covariance of x-z: -0.0000003699 Covariance of y-z: -0.0000004229 Similar for enu. Estimates of network accuracy. These may be optimistic here, given that peak-peak errors are in the 1-3 cm range.

60. OPUS Extended Output: NAD 83 quantities Derivation of NAD 83 vector components Position of reference station ARP in NAD_83(CORS96)(EPOCH:2002.0000). Xa(m) Ya(m) Za(m) NEWP -2548453.96133 -3769451.68039 4454637.42077 2002.00 CHZZ -2503335.82617 -3714408.62715 4525454.72998 2002.00 P376 -2469806.16816 -3788349.79220 4482853.31622 2002.00 Position of reference station monument in NAD_83(CORS96)(EPOCH:2002.0000). Xr(m) Yr(m) Zr(m) NEWP -2548453.39333 -3769450.84019 4454636.42117 2002.00 CHZZ -2503335.79517 -3714408.58125 4525454.67368 2002.00 P376 -2469806.16496 -3788349.78730 4482853.31032 2002.00 Velocity of reference station monument in NAD_83(CORS96)(EPOCH:2002.0000). Vx (m/yr) Vy (m/yr) Vz (m/yr) NEWP 0.01180 0.00240 0.00600 CHZZ 0.00550 -0.00410 0.00200 P376 0.00440 0.00380 0.00560 Vectors from unknown station monument to reference station monument in NAD_83(CORS96)(EPOCH:2002.0000). Xr-X= DX(m) Yr-Y= DY(m) Zr-Z= DZ(m) NEWP -50030.22533 33371.21181 -101.27783 2002.00 CHZZ -4912.62717 88413.47075 70716.97468 2002.00 P376 28617.00304 14472.26470 28115.61132 2002.00 The above quantities are derived by transformation from similar ITRF quantities.

61. OPUS Extended Output: SPC—Disclaimer--End STATE PLANE COORDINATES - International Foot SPC (3601 OR N) Northing (Y) [feet] 347675.709 Easting (X) [feet] 7471572.785 Convergence [degrees] -1.98897497 Point Scale 0.99994603 Combined Factor 0.99992918 This position and the above vector components were computed without any knowledge by the National Geodetic Survey regarding the equipment or field operating procedures used. State Plane Coordinate quantities Disclaimer End of OPUS Extended Output. Next: example of adjusting several sessions submitted to OPUS for the same station

62. Files for sample adjustment Upper part of skeleton Bfile (no *25*, *27*, *70*, *72* records): 000010*OR*HZTLOBS NGS NATIONAL GEODETIC SURVEY 20060112 000020*10*TEST OPUS SOLUTIONS TO CORVALLIS CORS 000030*12*200502200502JROJEFF OLSEN 000040*13*NORTH AMERICAN DATUM-83 GRS-80 63781370002982572221 *80*0001NEWPORT CORS ARP 44350607244N124034273663W ORAA *86*0001 N88 A A *80*0002CAPE MEARS CORS ARP 45291143774N123584118743W ORAA *86*0002 N88 A A (*80* and *86* records for two stations not shown) 025640*OR* Serfil : NEWP 0001 CHZZ 0002 P376 0003 CORV 0009 DDSN 0005 Upper Part of composite Gfile. Four 2-hr sessions for CORV at different times of 2005 were sent to OPUS. Vectors for one of the four sessions shown. Axx2005 228 5 228 B2005 3 117 0 5 3 11859 1 page5 v0601.10IGS 222 1 2 27NGS 2006 113IFDDFX Iant_info.003 NGS 20060113 C00090001 -500302065 15 333712070 20 -1012813 24 X0605ACORVX0605ANEWP D 1 2 7430190 1 3 -8143037 2 3 -9277350 B2005 3 117 0 5 3 11859 1 page5 v0601.10IGS 222 1 2 27NGS 2006 113IFDDFX Iant_info.003 NGS 20060113 C00090002 -49126038 18 884134654 28 707169927 35 X0605ACORVX0605ACHZZ D 1 2 8612299 1 3 -8840443 2 3 -8385989 B2005 3 117 0 5 3 11859 1 page5 v0601.10IGS 222 1 2 27NGS 2006 113IFDDFX Iant_info.003 NGS 20060113 C00090003 286169906 13 144722682 18 281156043 24 X0605ACORVX0605AP376 D 1 2 8779188 1 3 -7118769 2 3 -8693288 Afile : CC 0001 44350607244N124034273663W 20780E DD3 II 599999 (Coordinates and EH for NEWP constrained) MM3NYfrebbk

63. Adjustment statistics NATIONAL GEODETIC SURVEY PROGRAM ADJUST ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM PAGE 15 VERSION 4.30 N RMS MEAN ABS CONTRIB. RESIDUAL RESIDUAL NORTH 11 0.003 0.002 (METERS) EAST 11 0.002 0.001 (METERS) UP 11 0.008 0.006 (METERS) DEGREES OF FREEDOM = 24 VARIANCE SUM = 234.6 STD.DEV.OF UNIT WEIGHT = 3.126 VARIANCE OF UNIT WEIGHT = 9.77

64. Output Bfile Bfile from free adjustment : 000010*CO*HZTLOBS NGS NATIONAL GEODETIC SURVEY 20060112 000020*10*TEST OPUS SOLUTIONS TO CORVALLIS CORS 000030*12*200502200502JROJEFF OLSEN 000040*13*NORTH AMERICAN DATUM-83 GRS-80 63781370002982572221 *80*0001NEWPORT CORS ARP 44350607244N124034273663W ORAA *86*0001 N88 20780A A *80*0002CAPE MEARS CORS ARP 45291143836N123584118793W ORAA *86*0002 N88 51097A A *80*0003EOLARESVR OR2004 CORS ARP 44562831336N123060810210W ORAA *86*0003 N88 181245A A *80*0009CORV CORS ARP BY OPUS 44350791052N123181651975W ORAA ( Pub =.91082,.51926) *86*0009 N88 107516A A ( Pub = 107.514) *80*0005DDSN 43070763047N123143921370W ORAA *86*0005 N88 953585A A 025640*AL* (No orthometric or geoid heights computed in this example)

65. Example of using HTDP from NGS Tool Kit NEWP position computed for day of year 059, 2005