1. Computer Technician POST and The Boot Process ©UNT in Partnership with TEA1

2. Booting Up Your Computer Refers to the computer bringing itself up to an operable state without user intervention Soft (warm) boot Uses OS to reboot Hard (cold) boot Uses on/off switch More stressful on the machine ©UNT in Partnership with TEAComputer Technician - Boot Process2

3. Overview of Boot Process Step 1: POST (Power-on self test) Step 2: ROM BIOS startup program searches for and initializes an OS Step 3: OS configures the system and completes its own loading Step 4: Load the Shell/GUI Startup BIOS is in control for first step of the boot, then it turns over control to the OS ©UNT in Partnership with TEAComputer Technician - Boot Process3

4. Boot Step 1: POST Power-On-Self-Test The first thing that the BIOS does when it boots the PC is to perform what is called the Power-On Self-Test, or POST for short. The POST is a built-in diagnostic program that checks your hardware to ensure that everything is present and functioning properly, before the BIOS begins the actual boot. It later continues with additional tests (such as the memory test that you see printed on the screen) as the boot process is proceeding. The POST runs very quickly, and you will normally not even noticed that it is happening--unless it finds a problem. You may have encountered a PC that, when turned on, made beeping sounds and then stopped without booting up. That is the POST telling you something is wrong with the machine. ©UNT in Partnership with TEAComputer Technician - Boot Process4

5. Boot Step 1: POST Power-On-Self-Test The speaker is used because this test happens so early on, that the video isn't even activated yet! These beep patterns can be used to diagnose many hardware problems with your PC. The exact patterns depend on the maker of the BIOS; the most common are Award and AMI. Some POST errors are considered "fatal" while others are not. A fatal error means that it will halt the boot process immediately (an example would be if no system memory at all is found). In fact, most POST boot errors are fatal, since the POST is testing vital system components. ©UNT in Partnership with TEAComputer Technician - Boot Process5

6. Boot Step 1: POST Power-On-Self-Test 1. The first step of POST is the testing of the Power Supply to ensure that it is turned on and that it releases its reset signal. 2. CPU must exit the reset status mode and thereafter be able to execute instructions. 3. BIOS checksum must be valid, meaning that it must be readable. 4. CMOS checksum must be valid, meaning that it must be readable. 5. CPU must be able to read all forms of memory such as the memory controller, memory bus, and memory module. ©UNT in Partnership with TEAComputer Technician - Boot Process6

7. Boot Step 1: POST Power-On-Self-Test 6. The first 64KB of memory must be operational and have the capability to be read and written to and from, and capable of containing the POST code. 7. I/O bus must be able to write / read from the video subsystem and be able to read all video RAM. 8. If the computer does not pass any of the above tests your computer will receive an irregular POST. An irregular POST is a beep code which is different from the standard which can be either no beeps at all or a combination of different beeps indicating what is causing the computer not to past the POST. ©UNT in Partnership with TEAComputer Technician - Boot Process7

8. AMI Bios Screen ©UNT in Partnership with TEAComputer Technician - Boot Process8

9. Phoenix Bios Screen ©UNT in Partnership with TEAComputer Technician - Boot Process9

10. Plug and Play (PnP) Standard Standard designed to make installation of hardware devices easier Applies to OS, system BIOS, and hardware devices Supported by Windows 98SE, Me and Windows 2000/XP but not by Windows NT ESCD (extended system configuration data) Plug and Play BIOS ©UNT in Partnership with TEAComputer Technician - Boot Process10

11. ©UNT in Partnership with TEAComputer Technician - Boot Process11 Boot Step 2: Loading the OS

12. ©UNT in Partnership with TEAComputer Technician - Boot Process12 A hard drive might contain more than one logical drive. The partition table at the beginning of the drive contains information about the location of each logical drive, indicates which drive is the boot drive, and holds the Master Boot Record that begins the boot process for the operation system.

13. Boot Step 2: Loading the OS ©UNT in Partnership with TEAComputer Technician - Boot Process13 (DOS, 9x)

14. Boot Step 2: Loading the OS ©UNT in Partnership with TEAComputer Technician - Boot Process14

15. Boot Step 3: OS Initializes Itself ©UNT in Partnership with TEAComputer Technician - Boot Process15 Operating system completes the boot process, MS-DOS core is loaded. Windows 9x

16. ©UNT in Partnership with TEAComputer Technician - Boot Process16 Boot Step 4: Load the Shell/GUI DOS Prompt