1. CHAPTER 12 RELIGION

2. ORIGINS: FUNCTIONS AND EXPRESSIONS OF RELIGION  WHEN DID RELIGION BEGIN?  SOME RELGIOUS REERENCES CAN BE FOUND AS EARLY AS NEANDERTHAL BURIALS AND EUROPEAN CAVES  THERE ARE SEVERAL THEORIES TO RELGION AND FORMATION OF IT

3. ANIMISM  DISCOVERED RELIGION TO EXPLAIN THE UNEXPLAINABLE  BELIEF IN SPIRTUAL BEINGS  RELIGION THEN EVOLVED FROM ANIMISM, POLYTHEISM TO MONOTHEISM

4. MANA AND TABOO  SOMETIMES THIS CAN COEXIST WITH ANIMISM  IT IS THE VIEW OF THE SUPERNATURAL DOMAIN AS RAW IMPERSONAL POWER (THE FORCE)  MANA-A SACRED IMPRERSONAL FORCE IN THE UNIVERSE (LUCK TODAY)  TABOO-SOMETHING THAT IS SET APART OR OFF LIMITS (CONTACT BETWEEN HIGH CHIEF AND COMMONER)

5. MAGIC AND RELIGION  MAGIC REFERS TO SUPERNATURAL TECHNIQUES INTENDED TO ACCOMPLISH SPECIFIC AIMS  ASSOCIATED WITH MANY DIFFERENT RELIGIONS  SPELLS, INCANTATIONS AND VOODOO DOLLS WOULD BE SOME OF THE TOOLS

6. ANXIETY, CONTROL, SOLACE  RELIGION AND MAGIC DO NOT EXPLAIN EVERYTHING  SO RELIGION OR MAGIC AN BE USED TO CONTROL THE UNCONTROLLABLE  HELP GETTING THROUGH LIFE EVENTS BOTH GOOD AND BAD

7. RITUALS  DIFFERENT THAN OTHER BEHAVIORS OF RELIGION  FORMAL, STYLIZED AND REPITIVE IN NATURE  LITURGICAL ORDERS-SEQUENCES OF WORDS AND ACTIONS  RITUALS CAN BECOME SOCIAL ACTS AND SOMETIMES MEAN MORE TO SOME THAN OTHERS

8. RITES OF PASAGE  CUSTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSITIONS FROM ONE STAGE OF LIFE TO ANOTHER  FOUND IN ALL RELIGIONS  EXAMPLES: CONFIRMATIONS, BAPTISMS AND BAR MITZVAH ETC…

9. TOTEISM  TOTEMS ARE FOUND IN MANY TRIBAL GROUPS  IT CAN BE ANIMALS, PLANT OR GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES  SCACRED EMBLEMS