1. List the primary source of income for most states. Pump Primer CHPATER 7

2. CHAPTER 7: STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

3. Objectives 7-1: Explain the constitutional basis for states’ rights Identify five constitutional amendments that restrict state power and explain how they do so Identify the three basic responsibilities of states Identify characteristics that make a governor either weak or strong List the primary source of income for most states. 7-2: Define the different forms of municipal government Explain the role of special districts in local government.

4. 7-3: Chart and explain typical political party organization on the state and local levels. Give examples of political machines. Explain the various forms of voting used on the state and local levels Define recall, referendum, and initiative as they relate to state and local politics. 7-4: Define and explain “full faith and credit.” Define and give examples of reciprocity. Identify and explain the constitutional basis for “reserved powers.”

5. In spiritual matters, the Christian must determine in the light of Scripture what areas they may be flexible with and what matters they may not compromise. Matt. 21:12-17 - The Cleansing of the Temple Luke 9:51-56 - Samaria Rejects Christ Biblical Integration

6. STATE GOVERNMENTS

7. The Tenth Amendment says that the states retain all powers not specifically delegated to the national government or prohibited to the states. pp. 127-133CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

8. The Tenth Amendment protects the states from being dominated by the national government. pp. 127-133CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

9. The Constitution limits states’ powers in order to preserve the national government’s powers State governments operate under a system of separation of powers pp. 127-133CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

10. Every state has three basic responsibilities: Public safety Commercial regulation Political subdivision oversight Many specific tasks pp. 127-133CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

11. State Legislatures Bicameral Nebraska has a unicameral legislature Various names Powers pp. 127-133CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

12. State Executives: Governors Elected directly by the people Powers Head of state political party Line-item veto power (44 states) Lieutenant governor pp. 127-133CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

13. State Courts Supreme Court Lower courts Judges are elected in some states; in others, they are appointed Jurisdiction pp. 127-133CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

14. State Financing Direct taxes make up less than half of the average state’s revenue Property taxes General sales taxes Income taxes Federal grants pp. 127-133CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

15. zz p. 132CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

16. Lotteries 43 states Use of revenues Arguments against lotteries pp. 127-133CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

17. LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

18. Types of local governments include counties, municipalities (cities and towns), and special districts. pp. 133-137CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

19. County Governments Called parishes (LA) or boroughs (AK, NYC) More than 3,000 Governing board Commissioners or supervisors County Executive pp. 133-137CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

20. County Governments Unified government Pros Cons Areas of responsibility pp. 133-137CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

21. Municipal Governments Nearly 20,000 Forms of organization Mayor-council Council-manager Commission Other variations pp. 133-137CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

22. Special Districts More than 35,000 School districts Other types Funding pp. 133-137CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

23. STATE AND LOCAL POLITICAL ORGANIZATION

24. Political Party Organization Two-party system “Members” of a party Factions pp. 138-144CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

25. Party Organization Precinct or ward Committeeman County committee Conventions State executive committee State chairman pp. 138-144CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

26. Historically, some states and cities were run by notorious political machines. pp. 138-144CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

27. Elections Levels of participation Voter registration Forms of voting In person Absentee pp. 138-144CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

28. State and Local Elections Dates Types: Primary, General Oversight Places pp. 138-144CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

29. Primary Elections Open primary Crossover voting Close primary Semiclosed primary Top-Two method Winner-take-all pp. 138-144CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

30. General Elections Winners of respective party primaries Usually have higher voter turnout pp. 138-144CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

31. The tools of recall, referendum, and initiative allow voters to peacefully take matters into their own hands. pp. 138-144CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

32. Recall Allows people to call back an official who was elected to office Mostly at the local level pp. 138-144CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

33. Referendum Changes in constitutions or laws Initiative Requires a legally specified number of voters to place a proposal on the ballot pp. 138-144CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

34. INTERSTATE AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS

35. Interstate Relationships Full Faith and Credit Exceptions Privileges and Immunities Extradition Reciprocity pp. 144-148CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

36. Intergovernmental Relationships The Tenth Amendment “Federal” government National government has been expanding its authority at the states’ expense The Seventeenth Amendment (1913) pp. 144-148CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT