1. Participial Adjectives
Boring or Bored
Confusing or Confused
Exciting or Excited
Embarrassing or Embarrassed
ING? or ED?
What a confusing decision!

2. They’re ADJECTIVES! They DESCRIBE!
Be Careful! Participial adjectives look like verbs, but they’re not verbs!
They’re ADJECTIVES!
What do adjectives do?
They DESCRIBE!

3. Here’s a question for you!
In English, where do you usually put an adjective in a sentence?
In English there are two places they can go:
Before a noun: This is confusing grammar.
That was a boring movie.
After the verb “be”:This grammar is confusing.
That movie was boring.

4. There are 2 types of participial adjectives.
Present Participial Adjectives end in “ING”
For example: boring exhausting
exciting surprising
confusing embarrassing
Past Participial Adjectives end in “ED”
For example: bored exhausted
excited surprised
confused embarrassed

5. So here’s the big question!
When do you use boring?
When do you use bored?
Exciting? Excited?
Depressing? Depressed?
Fascinating? Fascinated?

6. We can often view a situation in one of the following ways:
Cause……….Result
Cause……….Feeling
Doer……….Receiver
For example, if you are in an English class and the grammar really confuses you. You would say:
This grammar is confusing.
(It’s the cause of your confusion.)
You are confused.
(This is the result of that grammar lesson.
It’s how you feel.)

7. So… -ING -ED Present Participial Adjective Past Participial Adjective
Cause Result
The lesson was boring. The students were bored.
Cause Feeling The book is interesting. The reader is interested.
The doer The receiver
The speaker was boring. The audience was bored.

8. If you read an article in the newspaper that really surprises you…
How would you describe the article?
It was a surprising article.
How would you describe yourself?
I was surprised by that article.

9. If you watch a movie that really fascinates you…
How would you describe the movie?
That was a fascinating movie I saw.
How would you describe yourself?
I was fascinated by that movie.

10. If you are in a situation that embarrasses you…
How do you describe yourself in that situation?
I am embarrassed.
How would you describe the situation?
What an embarrassing situation.

11. If a chemical irritates your skin…
How do you describe the chemical?.
That chemical is irritating.
How do you describe your skin?
My skin is irritated.

12. Any Questions?
You may write sentences using participial adjective and share them with your classmates.