1. SOLID-STATE DETONATION SYNTHESIS Yu.A. Gordopolov, D.L. Gur’ev, S.M. Gavrilkin and S.S. Batsanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science Russian Academy of Sciences Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432 Russia

2. ZEL'DOVICH THEORY OF DETONATION Shock Detonation Chapman–Jouguet point Michelson line P VX adiabat D > c 0 P PREREQUISITES FOR DETONATION: the chemical reaction must be exothermic the reaction products must expand upon relaxation (to normal pressure) the reaction must be sufficiently rapid CRITERION OF DETONABILITY:  V P 0, H 0 > 0 Shock front Peak pressure Normal pressure P0P0 V0V0

3. INVESTIGATED REACTIONS Reaction ΔH P o, T o, kJ/mol  V P o, T o, %  V P o, H o, sign Ti + C = TiC209–23.4– Zn + S = ZnS192–3.3+ Cd + S = CdS149+5.6+ Zn + Te = ZnTe 119+ 15.5+ GREEN MIXTURES SystemCompositionParticle size, µm , % theoretical Zn–SStoichiometric(3–40)/(5–20)70 Zn–Te Cd–S –//– (3–40)/(75–100) (3–5)/(5–20) 65 50

4. detonator thin steel plate container (porous material, foam plastic) contact gauge piezoelectric gauge piezoelectric gauge piezoelectric gauge 35 mm 20 mm steel stand PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Piezoelectric gauge signal (polyvinylidene fluoride/PVDF) high explosive (TNT/RDX, D=7.85 km/s) green mixture Experimental data D, km/sL, mmSystem 2.4 1.8 1.7 35 55 75 Cd - S 2.3 1.5 1.3 35 55 75 Zn - Te 2.4 2.1 2.2 35 55 75 Zn - S Experimental setup (cylindrical cell 40 mm in diametr and 75 mm long)

5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ON Zn-S SYSTEM high explosive (TNT/RDX, D=7.85 km/s) contact gauge Zn-S sample container (porous material, foam plastic) piezoelectric gauge (PVDF) stand wire leads to oscilloscopes Experimental setup (cylinder cell 40 mm in diameter and 40-200 mm long) detonator Experimental data L 600.12.522007 640.11.531506 620.25.271005 610.21.63904 720.23.01753 630.21.29602 680.62.28401 ρ, % ΔD, %D, km/ sL, mmExperimental run 0.27 c 0, km/s 0.59 0.74 0.37 0.34 0.39 0.21 7

6. CONCLUSION Self-sustaining propagation of reaction wave at supersonic velocities, i.e. detonation mode was observed in gasless metal-chalcogen systems Zn-S, Zn-Te and Cd-S. In the Zn-S system pulsed detonation mode was observed which can be associated with a reversible phase transition between two modifications with different density and periodic violation of the detonability criterion. Detonation mode of synthesis was observed in approximately half experimental runs. Reproducibility of solid-state detonation in the systems under consideration as well as structure / properties of synthesis products deserves further investigation.