1. The law of conservation of energy is that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transferred or transformed from one form to another. Point A Distance0 cm PE = mhg Time0 sec Speed0 cm/sec m- 12 g h- 189 cm PE22,226.4 Joules g- 9.8 KE108.38 Joules Mass of Ball 112 g Avg. Time of Ball 14.25 sec. Gravity9.8 Height498 cm Point B Distance143 cm Time.29 sec mass- 12g Speed493.10 cm/sec h- 163 cm g- 9.8 PE19,168.8 Joules KE108.38 Joules Mass of Ball 112 g Avg. Time of Ball 14.25 sec. Gravity9.8 Height163 g Point C Distance243 cm Time.84 sec mass- 12g Speed289.29 cm/sec h- 116 cm g- 9.8 PE13,641.6 Joules KE108.30 Joules Mass of Ball 112 g Avg. Time of Ball 14.25 sec. Gravity9.8 Height116 cm The reason PE and KE would change is because potential energy is before the object actually moves, it has the ability to move, but might not. Kinetic energy means the amount of energy the object has while moving means how much energy is it using to move right now. When the PE increases, the KE decreases and vice versa. If the ball can only move so fast down a ramp, then the rest of the energy that it isn’t using is PE while the KE is found out using the mathematic expression KE = ½ m X v 2. The formula for finding PE is PE = mhg (mass x height x gravity) to see how much energy the object has so it could move if forced to. When the object rolls down a ramp, it’s PE converts to KE and KE to PE when it stops. It changes as the ball stops and goes. The way that the Law of Conservation of energy applies here because the law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be transferred or transformed from one object to another. So when the potential energy in the ball changes to kinetic energy it does obey the law. It is possible and shows how the energy can change types. KE & PE Energy

2. Why speed changes … The reason the speed of the Small Ball Bearing would change because of the slope of the hill, the height of the hill, the angle of the track, and the friction between the track and the ball. If the hill that the ball is rolling down is steep, than later on in the roller coaster, the ball would roll faster, causing more friction between the ball and track in order for the ball to stay on the track. The gravity would also pull on the ball to slow it’s speed and if there was a hill leading up to a loop, the ball would gain momentum to travel through the loop without falling out of it. Point A Distance0 cm PE = mhg Time0 sec Speed0 cm/sec m- 12 g h- 189 cm PE22,226.4 Joules g- 9.8 KE108.38 Joules Mass of Ball 112 g Avg. Time of Ball 14.25 sec. Gravity9.8 Height498 cm Point B Distance143 cm Time.29 sec mass- 12g Speed493.10 cm/sec h- 163 cm g- 9.8 PE19,168.8 Joules KE108.38 Joules Mass of Ball 112 g Avg. Time of Ball 14.25 sec. Gravity9.8 Height163 g Point C Distance243 cm Time.84 sec mass- 12g Speed289.29 cm/sec h- 116 cm g- 9.8 PE13,641.6 Joules KE108.30 Joules Mass of Ball 112 g Avg. Time of Ball 14.25 sec. Gravity9.8 Height116 cm

3. Forces/Motion Explanations … At spot A on the roller coaster, at the top where the ball has not started movement yet, the force is balanced and equal where gravity has not started pulling the ball closer to the ground because there is no movement or motion yet. It is balanced because the gravity pushing up and pulling down are completely equal because the ball is not moving yet. At spot B on the roller coaster, at the top of the first, (and only) hill, where the ball has moved to get there but was momentarily paused, is balanced not restarted movement yet, the force is balanced and equal where gravity has not started pulling the ball closer to the ground again because there is no movement or motion yet. It is balanced because the gravity pushing up and pulling down are completely equal because the ball is not moving yet. At spot C on the roller coaster, at the beginning of the green bottle, the ball has been traveling downhill to reach the spot so it gain momentum to continue going downward to make it through the loop. The ball has unbalanced force and motion because it is moving and the gravity is ‘winning’ because the ball is traveling down towards the ground. The force is unbalanced and unequal where gravity has started pulling the ball closer to the ground again because there is movement.

4. A Finish Start of the track 189 cm 489 cm 100 cm51 cm92 cm The ball would roll down the track going from all PE to some PE and some KE, gaining momentum with balanced energy because it hasn’t started moving yet. It would be gaining speed as it descends into the track. C B 116 cm 163 cm 147 cm 40 cm 15 cm The ball would continue rolling and now be more KE than PE because it needs the speed to make it up the part of the hill that inclines. Gaining speed as it goes down, but uses some of that speed to make it up the hill. The ball would stop rolling for one millisecond and be exactly half PE and half KE because it is balanced energy and motion even though it paused in its motion for that nanosecond. Gains speed once it starts going down the other side of the hill. The ball would keep rolling for the rest of the ramp into the green bottle, swirl down onto more downhill track to gain enough momentum to make it through the loop, and during this the ball’s energy is unbalanced because it is moving and gravity is pulling it towards the ground not even with the roller coaster if it was a flat track. Gaining speed through the rest of the coaster to make it up the loop with all downhill track. The ball would roll down the green bottle gaining speed but being unbalanced motion, and still has more KE than PE because it is moving and is using the energy to continue downhill while gravity forces it to keep going downhill. The ball would roll down the track gaining speed but being unbalanced motion, and still has more KE than PE because it is moving and is using the energy to continue downhill while gravity forces it to keep going downhill. It gets to the loop and at one point at the top, it momentarily stops and is perfectly balanced with KE and PE