2.  Add slide with all of the traits that are dominant and all of the disorders that are inherited as a result of dominance or recessiveness?? Is that a word?.

3. Mendel and Meiosis

4. Gregor Mendel  Heredity  Heredity is the passing of characteristics from parents to offspring.  Genetics  Genetics is the study of heredity or how those traits are inherited. Father of Genetics.  Gregor Mendel was the first person to succeed in predicting how traits were inherited thus he became known as the Father of Genetics.

5. Gregor Mendel GGregor Mendel is best known for his study of p pp pea plants. HHe used pea plants because they have 2 distinct sex cells called g gg gametes. MMendel pollinated the flowers himself by transferring the male pollen to the stigma of the flower ( (( (pollination).

6. Pollen

7. fertilization Uniting of the male and female gametes is called fertilization.

8. cross-pollinated  Mendel cross-pollinated pea plants in order to study the various traits: Dominant Dominant: the trait that was observed Recessive Recessive: the trait that disappeared.

9. Crossing traits  Purebred  Purebred: a cross between plants with identical traits.  Hybrid  Hybrid: a cross between plants with different traits like tall and short. monohybrid  Mendel’s first cross he called a monohybrid cross. (Mono means one) dihybrid  Later Mendel began crossing plants with 2 traits. These crossed were called dihybrid crosses. homozygous recessive  Testcross: Breeding an individual of unknown genotype to a homozygous recessive individual to reveal the unknown genotype

10. Parent generation Filial (son or daughter) generation 2 nd Filial generation Grandchildren Children Parents

11. Genotypes and Phenotypes?? PPPPhenotype – the way that the organism l ll looks and behaves. Pheno (physical) type (model) GGenotypes – the combination of genes in the organism. Gen (birth) type (model)

12. Genotypes and Phenotypes  Phenotype  Genotype

13. Genotypes and Phenotypes  Homozygous dominant: Homo (same)  Homozygous recessive:  Heterozyous: Hetero (different)

14. Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance  Law of segregation: segregate gametes  Law of segregation: the 2 genes for each trait will segregate during the formation of the gametes.

15. Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance  Law of independent assortment: Each trait (or gene) is inherited independently of the other traits  Law of independent assortment: Each trait (or gene) is inherited independently of the other traits.  In other words, all blondes do not have blue eyes.

16. Punnet Squares Punnet  In 1905, Reginal Punnet, an English biologist, devised a shorthand way of predicting the outcomes of the various crosses.  These are called Punnet squares.

17. Monohybrid crosses Genotypes Phenotypes BB: 1…25% Bb: 2…50% bb: 1…25% White: 3…75% (BB and Bb) black: 1…25% BB: White bb: Black

18. Dihybrid crosses