1. Management Skills Mr Poole Business

2. Leadership Direction Delegation Coordinating Motivating Mr Poole Business

3. Leadership A leader is a person who gives direction by guiding people towards achievieng goals. They delegate tasks and responsibilities to others in order to involve them, share the work load and reduce stress. Mr Poole Business

4. They coordinate the efforts of all staff in order to ensure that harmony and common goals are achieved. They motivate staff by being aware of the factors that entice workers to be more productive. Mr Poole Business

5. The three types of leader are: Authoritarian/Autocratic Democratic Free-rein Mr Poole Business

6. Authoritarian Autocratic Leader Gives plenty of direction as they always tell people what to do. They do not delegate well as they think that they can do things best. They communicate mostly downwards. Mr Poole Business

7. They motivate by fear. Worker morale may low under this type of leader. Eg. Hitler Mr Poole Business

8. Democratic Leader Gives good direction as they guide people towards a common goal. Will delegate work to ensue all are involved and included. Communicates both downward and upward, listens to suggestions & feedback. Mr Poole Business

9. Motivates by encouraging and including all staff. Worker morale will be high as they feel valued. Eg. Barak Obama Mr Poole Business

10. Free-rein Leader Does not give much direction. Delegates a lot of tasks & responsibilities. Communicates both upward & downward. Motivates by giving freedom to workers. Worker morale may be high or low. Eg. Richard Branson. Mr Poole Business

11. Delegation (2009 Q 4 (a) Is assigning responsibility and authority to another person in order to carry out a task. A manager should ensure that this person has the skills, competence and resources necessary to complete the task within a stated deadline. However the ultimate responsibility rests with the manager. Eg…… Mr Poole Business

12. Benefits of delegation 2009 Q 4 (a) 1. Efficient completion of tasks Manager can prioritise tasks and get the most suitable people to do them. 2. Tasks completed to a higher standard Due to a level of personal accountability expected of the person carrying out the task and their special ability to do so. Mr Poole Business

13. 3. Increased employee motivation Workers may feel more valued, their jobs enriched and morale improved leading to better productivity & possible promotion. 4. Improved work/life balance The manager does not have to do all the work so there is less stress & conflict. Future managers are being trained on the job. Mr Poole Business

14. Dangers of not delegating Look up yourself! Mr Poole Business

15. Motivation Is a management skill that involves persuading people to act in a certain way. It involves being aware of the factors that lead people to act in a certain way. Theories of motivation include McGregors Theory X and Throry Y and Maslows Hierarchy of needs. Mr Poole Business

16. McGregors Theroy X and Y Douglas Mcgregor wote the book “The human side of enterprise” in 1960. He examined individuals behaviour at work. From this he formulated two models of management. Mr Poole Business

17. Theory X Assumes that people are lazy and don’t like work and are motivated by money. Therefore people have to be forced to work. Managers need to be controlling and motivate by threats and fear. The leadership style used will be autocratic. Mr Poole Business

18. Theory Y Assumes that people seek fulfillment through work and are willing to work hard. Workers do not need to be controlled. The management motivate by encouragement and inclusion. The leadership style used is democratic or free-rein. Mr Poole Business

19. Evaluation of McGregor’s Theory Y, Theory X I think that a knowledge of McGregor’s theory of motivation is useful for managers. The type of management style used depends on: Workers attitudes Good worker = Theory Y Lazy worker = Theory X Mr Poole Business

20. Type of work they are doing Skilled = Theory Y Unskiled = Theory X Therefore managers need to be aware of which style best suits the situation. Mr Poole Business

21. 2009 Q 4 (b) Analyse the implications for a business of a manager adopting the Theory X approach to managing. Mr Poole Business

22. Theory X manager believes that: Assumes that people are lazy and don’t like work and are motivated by money. Therefore people have to be forced to work. Managers need to be controlling and motivate by threats and fear. The leadership style used will be autocratic. Mr Poole Business

23. Implications of the Theory X Manager Controlling manager, may lead to conflict. Little trust, employee initiative stifled. No consultation leading to poor morale& productivity. Little delegation leads to poor training of future managers. Mr Poole Business

24. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow wrote many psychology books in the 40’s & 50’s. He believed that people’s behavior can be influenced by motivating them to meet their unsatisfied needs. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs states that; There are 5 needs. The must be satisfied in a certain order. Mr Poole Business

25. Job, food, water, shelter Contract, tenure Friends, teamwork Performance appraisal, job title Challenge, promotion, courses Mr Poole Business

26. Evaluation of MHON I think that a knowledge MHON would be very useful to managers. However they must know what level each person is on in order to satisfy needs in correct order, EG. There is no point in trying to motivate a person on minimum wage by praise, they need more money first. Mr Poole Business

27. Benefits of motivation Higher morale Better productivity Less absenteeism Less conflict, better industrial relations Better communication and trust Spirit of intrapreneurship Mr Poole Business

28. Exam Questions Short & Long 2007 SQ 7. Self-act + 2 other needs 2009 Q 4. (a) delegation & benefits (b) Implications of Theory X 2006 Q 4. (a) Motivational Theory (b) 3 styles of leader 2005 Q 4. (c) Evaluate Maslow & McGregor 2003 Q 5. all Evaluate LCM Mr Poole Business