1. EYE MOVEMENTS NBIO 401 – Friday November 8, 2013

2. Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

3. Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

4. Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

5. Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

6. Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

7. Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

8. Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

9. Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

10. Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

11. Objectives: -Be able to describe the neural pathway of the VOR, i.e., the pathway through which vestibular information contracts eye muscles. (labyrinth - vestibular nuclei - oculomotor neurons.) -Be able to explain why the VOR is important to clear vision. -Be able to explain how putting cool or warm water into the ear elicits eye movements. -Be able to explain how optokinetic nystagmus aids the VOR. -Be able to describe the characteristics of the 6 types of eye movements we make (counting fixation as an “eye movement”). -Be able to characterize the changes in accommodation that always accompany vergence and what purpose combined vergence and accommodation serve. -Be able to describe the neural pathways underlying each of the 6 types of eye movements. -Be able to characterize the map of visual and motor space on the surface of the superior colliculus (SC). -Be able to describe the spatial to temporal transformation in saccade processing.

12. Oculomotor system compensates for 2 limitations of the visual system

13. 1)Small fovea

15. Oculomotor system compensates for 2 limitations of the visual system 1)Small fovea 2) Poor resolution of moving images

17. Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) (reflex) & Optokinetic Nystagmus (OKN) (reflex)

18. VOR

23. Caloric Testing

25. OKN

28. Smooth Pursuit (voluntary)

34. Saccades (voluntary)

37. Saccade Example

40. Abducens Nucleus

41. Abducens Nucleus

42. Pre Motor Network for Horizontal Saccades ( in the PPRF) Pre Motor Network for Vertical Saccades (in the interstitial nucleus)

47. Vergence (voluntary)

49. Fixation (voluntary)

51. fini