1. Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407

3. Fungal Classification Traditionally based on: –Sexual spore- producing structures –Hyphal characteristics Molecular evidence

4. Deuteromycota ≠ Clade Imperfect Fungi In past, could not classify No sexual structures produced Molecular data should do away with this informal group

6. Chytridiomycota Chytrids Basal group Unicellular to simple mycelium- forming Photo Credit of distinctive two-part rhizoid system of Cladochytrium, 2001, D. J. Patterson and Mark Farmer @ tolweb.org/Chytridiomycota/20517

7. Chytrids Flagellated spores Mostly aquatic Only modern fungal group with flagella

9. Zygomycota Coenocytic hyphae Ex: Rhizopus, Pilobolus, Arthrobotrys Video Clip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KoKDCwJOJ Q&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KoKDCwJOJ Q&feature=related Another view for fun: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrKJAojmB1Y http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrKJAojmB1Y

10. Zygomycota “Zygote Fungi” Sexual spore- producing structure: Zygosporangium

11. Zygomycota In zygosporangium: –Heterokaryon –Karyogamy –Diploid zygote –Meiosis

12. Zygomycota Asexual spore- producing structure: Sporangium

15. Glomerulomycota Endomycorrhizae Arbuscules within plant root cells

17. Ascomycota Septate hyphae with pores Examples: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Neurospora, Saccharomyces

18. Ascomycota Sexual spore- producing structure: Ascocarp Ascocarp is only dikaryotic structure “Sac Fungi”

19. Ascomycota Ascus –Karyogamy –Diploid zygote –Meiosis Eight ascospores

20. Ascomycota Asexual spore- producing structure: Conidia

22. Morels

23. Truffles

24. Cup Fungi Pixie Cups, Geopyxis carbonaria Photo Credit: Courtesy of Dr. Tom Volk, http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/jun2005.html http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/jun2005.html

26. Basidiomycota Septate hyphae with capped pores Long-lived dikaryotic mycelium Examples: Mushroom, rusts, smuts

27. Basidiomycota Sexual spore- producing structure: Basidiocarp Photo Credit: Betsy Maxim, 2008

28. Basidiomycota Basidia  “Club Fungi” Basidiospores

29. Basidiomycota Basidia –Karyogamy –Diploid Zygote –Meiosis Four basidiospores

30. Basidiomycota Asexual spore- producing structure: Rare Only a few produce conidia Most rely exclusively on basidiocarps Photo Credit: Ernst Haeckel, Plate 63, from Kunstformen der Natur (1904), Wikimedia Commons

32. Puffballs and Earth Stars

33. Shelf Fungus

34. Jelly Fungus

35. Maiden Veil Fungus

36. Question?

37. Photo Credit: Courtesy of Dr. Tom Volk, http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/sept98.html http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/sept98.html

38. The End Unless otherwise specified, all images in this presentation came from: Campbell, et al. 2008. Biology, 8 th ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.