1. Solids, Liquids and Gases

2. Vocabulary 1.Solid-A state of matter that has a definite volume and definite shape. 2.Crystalline Solid-A substance that is made up of crystals in which particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern. 3.Amorphous Solid-A slid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern. 4.Liquid-A state of matter that had no definite shape but has a definite volume. 5.Fluid-Any substance that can flow. 6.Viscosity-The resistance of a liquid to flowing. 7.Gas-A state o matter with no definite shape or volume. 8.Melting-The change in state from a solid-to a liquid. 9.Freezing-The change in state from a liquid to a solid. 10.Vaporization-The change of state from a liquid to a gas.

3. Vocabulary 1.Heat-amount of energy transferred from one object or place to another. 2.Specific Heat-A material’s ability to take in or give off heat. 3.Insulator-Object or material that prevents conduction. 4.Kinetic Energy-The particles of matter are in constant motion. 5.Temperature-measure of the average kinetic energy of matter. 6.Expansion-an increase in the size of an object.

4. Solids Definite Volume, Definite Shape Particles are in Fixed Position Particles Vibrate.

5. Types of Solids Crystalline Solids-Made of Crystals Ex. Salt Amorphous Solids-Not regular arrangement of particles Ex. Plastic/Ruber

6. Liquids Particles are tightly packed. Particles move freely. No definite shape but have definite volume.

7. Viscosity-The resistance of flow of liquids. Molasses has high viscosity. Water has low viscosity. The lower the temperature, the greater the viscosity.

8. Gases No definite shape. No definite volume. The volume and shape is that of the container. Move at high speeds.

9. Temperature Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles in an object. Kinetic Energy is energy of motion.

10. Producing Heat A heat source is anything that gives off heat. Most forms of energy produce heat. Heat moves from regions of high temperature to regions of low temperature.

11. Temperature Scales 1.Fahrenheit Scale 2.Celsius Scale 3.Kelvin Scale

12. Thermal Energy Thermal Energy is the total energy in a substance. Depends on a.The temperature b.The mass c.How the particles are arranged.

13. Specific Heat Different Materials heat up and cool down at different rates. The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram by 1 degree Kelvin Water has a high specific heat. It takes in and gives off heat very slowly.

14. Specific Heat Examples A lake’s large mass and water’s high specific heat prevent the lake’s temperature from changing quickly. Iron and Aluminum have low specific heats.Because they heat up quickly, they make good cooking utensils.

15. Changes between a Liquid and Solid Melting-Solid to Liquid Freezing-Liquid to Solid

16. Changes between a Liquid and Gas Vaporization – Liquid to Gas – Boiling=throughout liquid. – Evaporation=from surface.

17. Condensation-Gas to Liquid