1. The Theory of (Almost) Everything 6.1.3 Standard Model

2. Definition A theory that describes three of the four fundamental forces of nature and the various particles that make up matter in the Universe. This theory is consistent with Relativity and Quantum Mechanics.

3. Classes of Matter Made up of PARTICLES and their ANTIPARTICLES with EQUAL mass and OPPOSITE charge. Matter Quarks +2/3e utc -1/3e dbs Anti-Quarks +2/3e ūt̄c̄ -1/3e d̄b̄s̄ Leptons Do not experience the strong force tau (τ - ) muon (μ - ) electron (e - ) τ neutrino (ν τ 0 ) μ neutrino (ν μ 0 ) e neutrino (ν e 0 ) Anti-Leptons anti-tau (τ̄ + ) anti-muon (μ̄ + ) anti-electron (ē + ) anti-τ neutrino (ν̄ τ 0 ) anti-μ neutrino (ν̄ μ 0 ) anti-e neutrino (ν̄ e 0 ) Baryons any 3 quarks Anti-Baryons any 3 anti-quarks Mesons any quark plus any anti-quark Hadrons

4. What charges are allowed for mesons? Example #1 quark (+2/3e or -1/3e) plus anti-quark (-2/3e or +1/3e) +1e, 0, -1e

5. Give an example of a baryon with a +1e charge. Example #2 ex. uud, ttb, ccs

6. What is the charge on an anti-tau particle? Example #3 tau = -1e anti-tau = +1e

7. A charged kaon (K + ) is composed of an up quark and an anti-strange quark. –What is the charge on this type of kaon? Example #4 up = +2/3e anti-strange = +1/3e +1e

8. Fundamental Forces ForceRangeStrengthCarrierWhat it does Strong Nuclear10 -15 m1gluonsHolds nuclei together ElectromagnetismInfinite1/137photons Holds atoms and molecules together Weak Nuclear10 -18 m10 -6 W & Z bosons beta decay GravityInfinite10 -39 graviton? Holds objects with mass together

9. Beta Decay A neutron will spontaneously decay into a proton, electron, and anti-electron neutrino. - udd  uud (one down quark becomes an up quark) - charge is conserved - mass of neutron > mass of proton

10. End of 6.1.3