1. The Missouri Compromise When did it go into effect? It was adopted by Congress in 1820 Number of Free States Eleven free states Number of Slave States Eleven slave states How did it help the North? 1. No slavery in any new state that is above Missouri’s southern boundary 2. Maine enters the Union as a free state. How did it help the South? 1. All new state’s south of Missouri’s Southern border would be slave states. 2. Missouri enters the Union as a slave state.

2. The Compromise of 1850 When did it go into effect? It was adopted by Congress in 1850 Number of Free States There were 15 free states. Number of Slave States There were 15 slave states. How did it help the North? 1. California enters the Union as a free state. 2. Slave trading is ended in Washington, D.C. 3. Texas agrees not to annex New Mexico How did it help the South? 1. Residents in Washington, D.C. could keep their slaves. 2. Congress would pass the Fugitive Slave Act 3. New Mexico and Utah would decide for themselves if they want to allow slavery.

3. The Kansas-Nebraska Act When did it go into effect? It was adopted by Congress in 1854 Number of Free States There were 16 Free states. Number of Slave States There were 15 Slave states. How did it help the North? It did not help the North. The North was upset because the new law changed the Missouri Compromise. How did it help the South? All new states would decide for themselves if they want to allow slavery.

4. States’ Rights States’ rights: Belief that the state’s interests take precedence over interests of national government States’ rights: Belief that the state’s interests take precedence over interests of national government States’ rights States’ rights Northern states believed that all states should abide by laws made by the national government Northern states believed that all states should abide by laws made by the national government Southern states believed that states had right to govern themselves and decide what would be best for their own situation Southern states believed that states had right to govern themselves and decide what would be best for their own situation

5. Nullification Those who favored states’ rights believed that states had the right to nullify any law they found unconstitutional (such as the tariff imposed by Congress in 1828 which hurt the South’s economy by requiring them to pay for items they imported from other countries). Those who favored states’ rights believed that states had the right to nullify any law they found unconstitutional (such as the tariff imposed by Congress in 1828 which hurt the South’s economy by requiring them to pay for items they imported from other countries).

6. Antebellum Georgia Politics Democrats and Whigs were two major political parties Democrats and Whigs were two major political parties political parties political parties Democrats supported states’ rights; took strong stand for slavery Democrats supported states’ rights; took strong stand for slavery Whigs mainly from upper social classes; favored moderate protective tariff and federal help for the South Whigs mainly from upper social classes; favored moderate protective tariff and federal help for the South Most governors were Whigs; most legislators were Democrats Most governors were Whigs; most legislators were Democrats

7. Know-Nothing Party Leading Georgians formed two new political parties; one party favored the Compromise of 1850 (Georgia Platform) while the other did not Leading Georgians formed two new political parties; one party favored the Compromise of 1850 (Georgia Platform) while the other did not A secret party, the Know-Nothing party, did not want immigrants to become citizens or anyone not born in the United States to hold political office A secret party, the Know-Nothing party, did not want immigrants to become citizens or anyone not born in the United States to hold political officeKnow-Nothing partyKnow-Nothing party Members answered all questions, “I don’t know” Members answered all questions, “I don’t know” By 1856, Democrats were dominant party; Dem. Joseph E. Brown, elected governor in 1856, served during the Civil War By 1856, Democrats were dominant party; Dem. Joseph E. Brown, elected governor in 1856, served during the Civil War Click to return to Table of Contents

8. The Georgia Platform Encouraged Georgians to accept the Compromise of 1850 even though it gave free states a majority in the Senate. Encouraged Georgians to accept the Compromise of 1850 even though it gave free states a majority in the Senate. Led by Alexander Stephens and Robert Toombs. Led by Alexander Stephens and Robert Toombs. Necessary for Georgia to remain a part of the Union. Necessary for Georgia to remain a part of the Union. Some believed Georgia should not accept the compromise until Congress agreed to protect slavery and states’ rights. Some believed Georgia should not accept the compromise until Congress agreed to protect slavery and states’ rights.

9. The Election of 1860

10. The Republican Party Republican Party formed in 1854 in free states Republican Party formed in 1854 in free states Antislavery Whigs and Democrats joined Antislavery Whigs and Democrats joined Nominated Abraham Lincoln of Illinois as their candidate in 1860 Nominated Abraham Lincoln of Illinois as their candidate in 1860 Southern and Northern Democrats split over slavery issues and nominated separate candidates Southern and Northern Democrats split over slavery issues and nominated separate candidatesseparate candidatesseparate candidates Southerners angrily viewed the plans of the Republicans as non-beneficial to the South Southerners angrily viewed the plans of the Republicans as non-beneficial to the South

11. Republicans supported: A protective tarrif A protective tarrif A plan to give free western lands to settlers A plan to give free western lands to settlers Construction of a transcontinental railroad with one end in the North Construction of a transcontinental railroad with one end in the North

12. Georgia and Lincoln’s Election Georgians were, for the most part, for the Union; however, they were strongly for states’ rights Georgians were, for the most part, for the Union; however, they were strongly for states’ rights Despite lawmakers’ strong debates for and against secession, a Secession convention began in January 1861 in Milledgeville, the capital Despite lawmakers’ strong debates for and against secession, a Secession convention began in January 1861 in Milledgeville, the capital A secession ordinance (bill) passed 208-89 A secession ordinance (bill) passed 208-89secession ordinancesecession ordinance The Southern states who seceded met in Montgomery, Alabama in February, 1861; they formed the Confederate States of America The Southern states who seceded met in Montgomery, Alabama in February, 1861; they formed the Confederate States of America

13. Georgians in Leadership Robert Toombs named Secretary of State of the Confederate States of American (CSA) Robert Toombs named Secretary of State of the Confederate States of American (CSA) Robert Toombs Robert Toombs Alexander H. Stephens (Whig) named Vice-President (was originally against secession and gave a speech against it) Alexander H. Stephens (Whig) named Vice-President (was originally against secession and gave a speech against it) Alexander H. Stephens Alexander H. Stephens Governor Joseph E. Brown favored secession and used his terms as governor to prepare Georgia for war Governor Joseph E. Brown favored secession and used his terms as governor to prepare Georgia for war Joseph E. BrownJoseph E. Brown Click to return to Table of Contents