1. A Union in Peril: The Sectional Crisis of the Early Nineteenth Century, 1820-1859

2. Questions for Today… How did pro-slavery and free-soil ideologies shape discourse on the slavery question? What were the main political and social events that contributed to this sectional crisis?

3. Pro-Slavery Ideology States’ Rights

4. Pro-Slavery Ideology States’ Rights Property Rights

5. Pro-Slavery Ideology States’ Rights Property Rights “Positive Good” Myth

6. Key Events: The Sectional Crisis 1.Missouri Compromise of 1820

7. Missouri Compromise of 1820

8. Key Events: The Sectional Crisis 1.Missouri Compromise of 1820 2.Mexican War and Wilmot Proviso

9. Results of the Mexican War

10. Key Events: The Sectional Crisis 1.Missouri Compromise of 1820 2.Mexican War and Wilmot Proviso 3.Compromise of 1850

11. Compromise of 1850

12. Fugitive Slave Anthony Burns

13. Key Events: The Sectional Crisis 1.Missouri Compromise of 1820 2.Mexican War and Wilmot Proviso 3.Compromise of 1850 4.Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

14. Uncle Tom’s Cabin

15. Key Events: The Sectional Crisis 1.Missouri Compromise of 1820 2.Mexican War and Wilmot Proviso 3.Compromise of 1850 4.Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) 5.Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

16. Stephen Douglas Democratic Senator from Illinois

17. Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

18. Stance of the Democratic Party “The National Democratic organization is fully committed to the principles of the Nebraska Bill…it is committed to the doctrine that the soil, climate, and natural capacities of territories belonging to the Union, and the will of the people when they come to form their organic law, must decide the question of slavery, untrammeled by the interference of government.” The Mississippian, Jackson, MS (1854)

19. Key Events: The Sectional Crisis 1.Missouri Compromise of 1820 2.Mexican War and Wilmot Proviso 3.Compromise of 1850 4.Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) 5.Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 6.Bleeding Kansas (1854-1861)

20. Sack of Lawrence, 1856

21. The Kansas- Missouri Border

22. Key Events: The Sectional Crisis 1.Missouri Compromise of 1820 2.Mexican War and Wilmot Proviso 3.Compromise of 1850 4.Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) 5.Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 6.Bleeding Kansas (1854-1861) 7.Dred Scott Decision (1857)

23. The Dred Scott Family

24. Reaction to Dred Scott Decision “Divers[e] newspapers of the Democratic and Dark- Lantern species are howling grievously at the audacity of those free people who dare to doubt the omniscience, the infallibility, and the absolute disinterestedness of the Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States…If there be any censure to bestow, let it fall, in the name of the eternal equities, upon those who have dragged their official robes in the kennels of slave-breeding politics!...” New York Tribune (1857)

25. Key Events: The Sectional Crisis 1.Missouri Compromise of 1820 2.Mexican War and Wilmot Proviso 3.Compromise of 1850 4.Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) 5.Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 6.Bleeding Kansas (1854-1861) 7.Dred Scott Decision (1857) 8.Raid on Harper’s Ferry (1859)

26. John Brown Radical Abolitionist

27. Harper’s Ferry, Virginia

28. Brown’s Martyrdom “If it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my blood further with the blood of my children and with the blood of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments,--I submit, so let it be done!” John Brown, 1859

29. Summary The sectional crisis occurred because of differing ideologies in the North and the South that made true compromise nearly impossible Each side became increasingly radicalized and envisioned their opponents as “Other” Instead of fragmenting along party lines, politicians and everyday people separate along sectional lines