1. Nouns & Articles Chapters 1 & 2

2. Count Nouns Count nouns can be singular or plural. Singular Count Nouns: Rule: Use an article or determiner before a singular count noun. – Exception: Some special idiomatic expressions do not have an article!

3. Count Nouns Plural Count Nouns: Rule: Do not use ‘a’ or ‘an’ before a plural count noun. Rule: Plural count nouns sometimes have ‘the’ or another determiner in front. Spelling: Regular count nouns add -s/-es for plural Irregular count nouns have different forms

4. Noncount Nouns Many nouns cannot be counted. They are always singular. We can remember certain types of noncount nouns: – Liquids (water, coffee, tea, milk, oil, soup, etc.) – Solids (ice, bread, cheese, gold, silver, glass, etc.) – Gases (air, oxygen, smoke, steam, pollution, etc.) – Particles (sand, sugar, salt, rice, grass, dirt, etc.)

5. Noncount Nouns More types of noncount nouns: – Weather (rain, heat, humidity, snow, wind, etc.) – Fields of study (biology, literature, history, etc.) – Languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, Russian, etc.) – Sports/Activities (football, tennis, chess, driving, studying, traveling, walking, etc.) – Abstractions (time, energy, information, happiness, advice, work, vocabulary, news, etc.)

6. Count vs. Noncount If you’re not sure whether a noun is count or noncount, check a dictionary. Be careful! Some nouns can be EITHER count or noncount, depending on the meaning. Example: ‘Time’ – I didn’t have enough time to finish my work. – We had a good time at the park yesterday.

7. Count vs. Noncount Often, count and noncount nouns use the same determiners. But, sometimes, they use different determiners: Plural CountNoncount these, thosethis, that manymuch a fewa little severala great deal of two, three, etc.X

8. Articles Articles usually come before nouns. There are 2 kinds of articles: 1.Indefinite: a, an – use in front of singular count nouns ONLY 2.Definite: the – use in front of singular count nouns, plural count nouns, and noncount nouns