1. Famous Psychologists ADVANCED PLACEMENT PSYCHOLOGY

2. Willhelm Wundt  Introspection- Psychology & the study of conscious experience  Father of Psychology  University of Leipzig

3. Mary Whiton Calkins  First woman president of the APA.  Denied a Ph.D. from Harvard for being female.

4. Freud Defense Mechanisms -Deny/distort reality -Act unconsciously Ego Superego Id

5. Freud http://www.discunlimited.com/images/company_assets/512f1c7f-0d64-4a5e-9d91-785dc064755f/Image/Research/FreudsIcebergModel.bmp

6. Freud Id – pleasure principle - innate Ego – reality principle - learned Superego – “conscience” - learned If Ego can’t maintain balance between Id and Superego, then defense mechanisms Psychoanalysis dream analysis, hypnosis and free associations reveal unconscious

7. Freud Stages of Psychosexual Development Oral Stage (0-1 year) Anal Stage (1-3 years) Phallic Stage (3-5/6 years) Latency Period (5/6 – puberty) Genital Stage (puberty – maturity) The events of psychosexual development may lead to fixations later on in adult life

8. Alfred Adler  Neo-Freudian  Superiority complex  Inferiority complex  Sibling rivalry  Birth order

9. Karen Horney NeoFreudian that believed that there was an inner conflict but did not agree with the penis envy and women having less of an ability to suppress their urges.

10. Carl Jung  People have conscious & unconscious awareness  Archetypes  Collective Unconscious

11. Phineas Gage  Brain is involved with emotions & behavior & personality  Frontal Lobe

12. John Watson  Founder of behaviorism  Little Albert study  Rosalie Rayner (his graduate student and later his wife)  Conditioning fear

13. Ivan Pavlov  Classical conditioning  UCS elicits a UCR  Dogs  Salivation to meat powder & tuning fork  UCS, UCR, CS, CR

14. Gordon Allport  Cardinal Traits (dominant personality characteristic)  Central Traits  Secondary Traits  PERSONALITY theorist

15. B.F. Skinner  Behaviorism  Skinner Box  Operant Conditioning

16. Abraham Maslow  Hierarchy of Needs  Lower level needs dominate higher level needs  Goal is to be self- actualized

17. Albert Bandura Observational learning, or modeling

18. Jean Piaget  Cognitive Development of children  Sensorimotor  Preoperational  Concrete Operational  Formal Operational

19. Erik Erikson

20. James-Lange Theory (Emotions) William James & Carl Lange States that within human beings, as a response to experiences in the world, the autonomic nervous system creates physiological events such as muscular tension, a rise in heart rate, perspiration, and dryness of the mouth. Emotions, then, are feelings which come about as a result of these physiological changes, rather than being their cause.

21. Cannon-Bard theory (Emotins) Walter Cannon & Philip Bard Theory that we experience emotions and physiologically react simultaneously.

22. Albert Ellis  Rational Emotive Therapy  Cognitive Therapist  Focuses on altering a client’s irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behavior and emotions.

23. Carl Rogers  Humanist  Personal growth  Empathy, acceptance, understanding

24. Noam Chomsky  Language  Cognitive Perspective  Humans have an inborn native ability to develop language.

25. E.L. Thorndike  Law of Effect  Behaviorist

26. Edward Thordike  Famous for his Law of Effect. The Law of Effect states that a) Responses to a situation that are followed by satisfaction are strengthened; and b) Responses that are followed by discomfort are weakened.  Created the Puzzle Box for cats to prove his theory.

27. Robert Sternberg  Tricarchic theory of intelligence  Academic problem solving  Practical intelligence  Creative intelligence

28. Lawrence Kohlberg  Preconventional morality  Conventional morality  Post-conventional morality

29. David Weschler  WAIS  Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test for Adults  Intelligence test for adults (S-B test is not good in assessing adult intelligence)

30. Lewis Terman  Revised IQ test for American children and standardized norms for American kids.

31. Howard Gardner  Theory of multiple intelligences  Practical intelligence  Emotional intelligence  Natural intelligence  Analytical intelligence  Etc….

32. Diana Baumrind  Parenting styles  Permissive  Authoritative  Authoritarian

33. Albert Bandura  Bobo Doll  Observational Learning  Social-Cognitive Perspective of personality

34. Alfred Binet  First IQ test  Intelligence Quotient

35. Charles Spearman  g= general ability  Mental talents are highly correlated  Intelligence is NOT multiple….

36. Paul Broca  Discovered that the production of language has been linked to the Broca’s area (obviously named after his discovery of this particular area)

37. Carl Wernicke  Part of the cerebral cortex that is important for understanding of written and spoken language.  Named after Carl Wernicke

38. Harry Harlow  UW Madison  Rhesus monkeys  Attachment is not = to food, comfort and warmth and love is important, too!

39. Herman Rorschach  Projective test  Ink blots

40. Carol Gilligan  Moral reasoning in girls.  Nurturing and caring part of a girl’s DNA – should count in moral reasoning.  Dislikes Kohlberg’s Morality Stages.

41. Elizabeth Kubler-Ross  DABDA – Stages of Death & Dying  Denial  Anger  Bargaining  Depression  Acceptance

42. Martin Seligman  Learned Helplessness  Positive Psychology

43. Stanley Milgram  Obedience  Shocks  How far will people go?

44. Elizabeth Loftus  Memory  False memories of childhood traumas  Repression of threatening childhood memories

45. Phillip Zimbardo  Stanford Prison Study  Power of social roles and behavior  “The Lucifer Effect”