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Chapter 8 Sensation and Perception Psychology
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Sensation Sensation is created by colors sounds tastes smells ect.. Perception is the organization of this stimuli into meaningful information
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Perception at work
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Absolute Threshold Least amount of stimuli that can be sensed Ex: candle flame 30 miles on a dark night,
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ticking watch at 20 feet,
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1drop of perfume in a small house,
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1 tsp of sugar in a gallon of water
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wing of a fly.4in
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Difference Threshold The minimum amount of difference that can be detected between 2 stimuli
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Signal Detection theory Takes into account your setting, phy and psy state, mood and attitude
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Sensory Adaptation The process which we become more sensitive to weak stimuli and less sensitive to unchanging stimuli Passing trucks in a new home
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Vision Light Not all light is visible Ultraviolet and infrared Wave length vary
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The eye Like a camera Light enters through pupil It is focused onto the lens It is projected onto the retina photoreceptors The image is upside down and full of holes-brain puts it together
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Eye Blind spot Located where the optic nerve leaves the eye With out the blind spot the image would never make it to the brain
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Eye 2 types of photoreceptors Rods and Cones Rods-light brightness allow us to see in black and white dim light Cones-add color to our world
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Eye Visual Acuity Sharpness in vision in normal light The ability to see details Near sighted brings object closer to see detail Far sighted move objects away to see detail Age=far sighted lens becomes brittle
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Eye Color vision Dogs & cats see fewer colors Color blindness-malfunctioning cones
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Hearing Pitch How high of low the sound is Speed of the sound wave Number of cycles per second The more cycles the higher the pitch
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Hearing Loudness Height of sound waves Measured in decibels db 0 is the thresh hold ticking watch at 20 ft away
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The Ear Shaped to catch sound Outer and inner ear Transmits sounds to the brain Eardrum is the gateway between the inner and outer ear
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The eardrum A thin membrane that vibrates when a sound wave strikes it The vibrations are sent to the 3 small bones Hammer, anvil, stirrup-smallest in the body
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The inner ear Cochlea Bony tube that looks like a snail Filled with fluids and neurons that move in response to the vibrations of the fluids this generates neural impulses that are sent to the Auditory nerve
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Deafness Conductive Deafness Naturally as we age Damage to the middle ear
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Deafness Sensorineural deafness Cased by damage to the innder ear Damage to the cochlea From loud noises
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Heather Whitestone Mrs. America 1995 Ballet dancer American Sign language
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Smell Key to taste Receptors in the nostrils Olfactory nerve sends message to the brain Adapts to smells
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taste Four basic tastes Sweet, Salty, Bitter, Sour Smell, texture, temperature
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Skin Pressure sensed by the hairs on your body Different parts of the body are more sensitive than others
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Skin Temperature Neurons just beneath the skin We adapt to temp
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Pain Message to the brain Why do we rub, blow, or scratch Gate way theory System overload
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Vestibular sense Ability to tell if you are upright with out using your eyes falling
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Kinesthesis Where the other parts of our bodies are located How newborns find their own mouths Limb falls asleep
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