3. Giving Feedback The Sandwich Model

4. Giving Feedback The Sandwich Model 1.Clarify the facts (bread) 2.Ask “what when well” (butter) 3.Tell them something positive (cheese) 4.Ask “what did not go well” (tomato) 5.Ratify or introduce area that did not go well (pickle) 6.Negotiate a plan for the way forward (bread)

5. Giving Feedback A sandwich has structure & purpose It is convenient and quick A sandwich can be nutritious provided it is balanced A poorly presented sandwich is not that appealing If someone else takes the time to make you a sandwich it tends to taste better than if you make it

6. Principles to giving feedback Focus on the content – what actually happened Consider behaviour- not personality or appearance Look for strengths – these are often harder for the person being assessed to see Effective learning requires honest, realistic assessments –recognise weaknesses as an essential step to improvement

7. Principles to receiving feedback If it is not clear or practical learner should ask for further explanation Listen to feedback before prematurely judging it Discuss rather than justify Ask for additional feedback if aspects are not dealt with

8. Pendleton’s Rules 1.Clarify matters of fact 2.Encourage the learner to go first 3.Consider what has been done well first 4.Make recommendations rather than state weaknesses Pendleton et al (1984)The Consultation: an approach to learning and teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press

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