1. Today is a great day to learn about your BRAIN!!!

2. Human Brain

3. How do we know about the brain? EEG- electrical activity CAT- 3D images MRI- radio waves/Hydrogen atom energy PET- chemical activity after injection of radioactive substance

4. Electroencephalogram (EEG) Works by amplifying the waves of electrical activity across the brain’s surface Poor spatial resolution BUT faster

7. Computed Tomography (CT or CAT Scan) X-ray photographs  3D representation of the brain More widely available, faster, easier, less expensive than MRI

10. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) magnetic fields and radio waves  images that allow us to see structures within the brain More expensive, slower, BUT better at soft tissue and less harmful

13. Position Emission Tomography (PET Scan) detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes during a given task Usually used in combination Also expensive BUT great for determining activity

17. Case study analysis of brain injuries IE. Phineas GageAccidents

18. Lesions Lesioning is the removal or destruction of part of the brain. IE. Lobotomy

19. How do we study the brain? Get the most important idea worksheet At your tables come up with what you think is the most important idea and then 5 supporting ideas

21. THE BRAIN AND ITS FUNCTIONS

22. Essential Questions What are the key functions of the brain? What are the parts for responsible?

23. Just a friendly reminder: Check out the Psych Files (www.psychfiles.com)www.psychfiles.com for an easy way to remember the parts of the brain

24. Divisions of the Brain

25. I. The Hindbrain

26. Hindbrain basic biological functions 3 main parts: –Medulla –Cerebellum –Pons

27. Hindbrain parts There are three brain areas associated with the Hindbrain (some parts are associated with Brain Stem): –Medulla –Cerebellum –Pons

30. Hindbrain parts Medulla: breathing, heart rate and blood pressure…vomiting? yuck Cerebellum: coordinates voluntary movements and balance (along with the BASIL GANGLIA) Pons: sleep center (among many other things)

31. Partner Up Get a simile summary for the group of two You may pick any part of the hindbrain and make up a simile Have fun with this!

32. II. The Midbrain

33. Midbrain located between the hindbrain and the forebrain simple muscle movements with changes in sensory information hearing and sight pupil dilation and eyeball movement

35. III. The Forebrain

36. Forebrain thoughts and reason 5 main regions: –Thalamus –Hypothalamus –Hippocampus –Amygdala –The Cerebral Cortex

37. Limbic System

38. includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala “emotional brain” –helps regulate memory, aggression, fear, hunger, and thirst

39. Thalamus receives sensory input from all of the senses except smell routes input to the proper area of the brain for processing –“relay center” controls the electrical currents in the brain

42. Hypothalamus maintenance activities: eating, drinking, body temperature, and sexual arousal Controls the pituitary gland

45. Hippocampus memory processing

46. Amygdala emotions, especially those of aggression, rage, and fear In stressful situations, where teens make some of their decisions

48. Cerebral Cortex intricate, wrinkled covering of the brain (FISSURES), Covers the brain’s lower level structures ultimate control and information processing center ~ 30 billion nerve cells

51. Cerebral Cortex In addition to interneurons, it contains GLIAL CELLS –guide neural connections, provide nutrients to myelin, and mop up neurotransmitters

52. Partner Up Get a simile summary for the group of two You may pick any part of the forebrain and make up a simile Have fun with this!

53. Cerebral Cortex split into two halves or Hemispheres: –Right Hemisphere –Left Hemisphere The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by the CORPUS CALLOSUM

54. Hemispheres of the Brain

57. Contralateral Control

58. Hemispheres of the Brain Each hemisphere of the brain has different functions. This is called hemispheric specialization.

61. Hemispheric Differences “Left-brained” and “right- brained” debunked Brain is divided into two hemispheres but works as a single entity Both sides continually communicate via the corpus callosum

62. Plasticity The ability of the brain tissue to take on new functions Greatest in childhood Important if parts of the brain are damaged or destroyed The Story of Jodie

63. Split Brain Procedures What is the role of the corpus callosum? What happens if we cut the corpus callosum?

64. LET’S LOOK AT THE LOBES!!!!

65. The Cerebral Cortex is split into four LOBES: –The FRONTAL LOBE –The TEMPORAL LOBE –The PARIETAL LOBE –The OCCIPITAL LOBE

67. Frontal Lobes just behind the forehead involved in making plans and judgments abstract thought, speaking, muscle movements “Broca’s area”

69. Temporal Lobes Found near the ears Involved in hearing Memory retrieval

71. Parietal Lobes behind the frontal lobes general processing, including mathematical reasoning association lobes –synesthesia sensation and motor control

73. Occipital Lobes Located in the back of the head The primary visual processing area

75. Freud Tore (his) Pants Off

78. Motor Cortex At the rear of the frontal lobes Controls voluntary movement –receives messages from the rest of the brain and then sends messages to muscles –contralateral

80. Somatosensory Cortex Located in the front of the parietal lobes Registers and processes body senses Soma is Greek for “body”