1. Passive Transport – Crenation - Active transport- Endocytosis – Phagocytosis – Pinocytosis – Exocytosis – Osmoregulation Water Potential Solute potential Tonicity – Isotonic solution - Hypertonic Hypotonic Plasmolysis Crenation Turgid / Turgor Pressure Flaccid Plasmolysis Phospholipid bilayer – Osmosis Simple Diffusion Facilitated diffusion – Concentration gradient Equilibrium Protein Channel Lysis Surface Area/Volume Solute Solvent Hydrophobic tail Hydrophilic head Nonpolar Polar molecule Fluid Mosaic Model Protein carrier Cell-cell recognition Maintaining cell growth - -SA/ Volume ratio Effect of cell size on the efficiency of diffusion Effect of on the SA/V ratio as a cell increases in size Calculate V, SA, and ratio. Which molecules move easily move across the plasma membrane? (2) Membrane

2. Macromolecules Organic vs. Inorganic molecules Amphipathic Polysaccharide Dehydration synthesis/condensation Hydrolysis Catabolism Anabolism Metabolism Glycosidic bond Amino group Unsaturated fat Saturated fat Glycerol Triglyceride pH pH equation 4Types of Proteins 8 Protein functions Enzyme diagram Allosteric site Active transport site Denature 4 factors that effect the rate of diffusion 3 factors that effect the enzymatic activity Buffer Optimal pH Homeostasis Activation energy Exothermic Endothermic H-bonding Cohesion Adhesion Capillary action Surface tension High heat of vaporization High Specific heat Cysteine Draw 2 Amino acid making a peptide bond Function of sucrase, elastin, insuline, collagen, immunoglobulin Na+/K+ pumpGlycosidic bond Ester linkage Phosphoester linkage Nucleotide Starch Cellulose Glycogen

3. Vocabulary Passive Transport – material spread from High conc to Low concentration w/o energy Crenation - Active transport- material spread from Low Conc to High concentration w/ energy Endocytosis – material/food moves into cell Phagocytosis – cell eats large material w/ energy (Active Transport/Endocytosis); White blood Cell (WBC) Pinocytosis – “Cell drinking” ( Active transport/ Endocytosis) Exocytosis – waste leaves cell Osmoregulation Water Potential Tonicity – what the cell looks like in terms of Osmosis Isotonic solution - Equal concentration of solute in/ out of the cell Hypertonic – High solute solution in terms of osmosis Hypotonic – Low solute/”salt” in terms of osmosis Plasmolysis – cell shrink; Ex. Wilted Celery Crenation Turgid / Turgor Pressure – Plant Stiffness ; Ex. Crispy Celery Lipid bilayer –Cell membrane is made of 2 layers of phospholipids Osmosis – diffusion of water in a semi-permeable Diffusion – movement of material from High Con to Low concentration w/o energy Facilitated diffusion – material bind to protein w/o energy; Ex. glucose Concentration gradient – area of diffusion from High Con to Low concentration Equilibrium – balanced; equal concentration Protein Channel Lysis (lyses) – cell swell/ burst