1. Glycolysis & Cellular Respiration Ch. 9

2. Metabolism All of the chemical reactions in a cell. Catabolic- releases energy by breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules.(cellular respiration) Anabolic-uses energy released by catabolic pathways to build larger molecules from smaller molecules. (photosynthesis)

3. Glycolysis Breaks glucose in half (2 molecules of pyruvate) Releases a small amount of energy (2 ATP) Occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. Is followed by two types of pathways: Cellular Respiration (when O 2 is present-aerobic) Fermentation (when O 2 not present-anaerobic)

4. Cellular Respiration Process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules Only occurs when oxygen is present Occurs in mitochondria Occurs in all eukaryotic organisms (plants and animals) C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O sugar + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water

5. Cellular Respiration Krebs Cycle (in mitochondria) Pyruvates is converted to CO 2 ATP is released. NADH and FADH 2 move on to next reaction. Oxidative Phosphorylation:(in mitochondria) Includes Electron Transport Chain & Chemiosmosis Most production of ATP (32-34) High energy electrons & H + ions from NADH and FADH 2 convert ADP to ATP. The steps help to release the energy in a more conservative way.

6. Glucose Glycolysis Cytoplasm Pyruvic acid Electrons carried in NADH Krebs Cycle Electrons carried in NADH and FADH 2 Oxidative Phosphorylation: Electron Transport Chain & Chemiosmosis Mitochondrion Respiration: An Overview Mitochondrion Section 9-1 Go to Section:

7. Flowchart Section 9-2 Glucose (C 6 H 12 0 6 ) + Oxygen (0 2 ) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) + Water (H 2 O) Go to Section: Cellular Respiration

8. Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation Fermentation (without oxygen) Alcohol or lactic acid Chemical Pathways Section 9-1 Go to Section:

9. Fermentation Releases energy from food molecules Occurs in the absence of oxygen 2 types Alcoholic fermentation Lactic acid fermentation

10. Alcoholic Fermentation Produces carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol Examples Rising of bread dough Alcohol production Kimchi Yeast and other microorganisms undergo alcoholic fermentation

11. Lactic Acid Fermentation Produces lactic acid Occurs in: muscle tissue during exercise when the body cannot supply tissues with enough oxygen Also produces certain dairy products with the assistance of bacteria Lactic acid build-up causes a painful, burning sensation and muscle soreness

12. Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration PhotosynthesisCellular Respiration Function Location Reactants Products Equation