1. Universe Tenth Edition Chapter 2 Knowing the Heavens Roger Freedman Robert Geller William Kaufmann III Clicker Questions

2. Which of the following best describes the stargazing activities of ancient civilizations? A.Only the ancient Greeks observed the sky and drew maps of what they saw. B.All civilizations left a written record proving that they observed the sky. C.Some civilizations left a written record that they looked at the sky; others probably observed the sky but their written record did not survive. D.The stars were first observed and mapped in the sixteenth century. E.There were no astronomical records left by ancient civilizations. Q2.1

3. Which of the following best describes the stargazing activities of ancient civilizations? A.Only the ancient Greeks observed the sky and drew maps of what they saw. B.All civilizations left a written record proving that they observed the sky. C.Some civilizations left a written record that they looked at the sky; others probably observed the sky but their written record did not survive. D.The stars were first observed and mapped in the sixteenth century. E.There were no astronomical records left by ancient civilizations. A2.1

4. Most evidence suggests ancient astronomers were inspired to look at the sky because A.they wanted to create scientific theories of the world in which they lived. B.observation of star positions allowed calendars to be created. C.ancient civilizations associated star patterns with gods and mystical figures. D.Both a and c. E.Both b and c. Q2.2

5. Most evidence suggests ancient astronomers were inspired to look at the sky because A.they wanted to create scientific theories of the world in which they lived. B.observation of star positions allowed calendars to be created. C.ancient civilizations associated star patterns with gods and mystical figures. D.Both a and c. E.Both b and c. A2.2

6. Which of the following constellations was named in modern times (sixteenth century or later)? A.Orion B.Hercules C.Microscopium D.Scorpius E.Ursa Major Q2.3

7. Which of the following constellations was named in modern times (sixteenth century or later)? A.Orion B.Hercules C.Microscopium D.Scorpius E.Ursa Major A2.3

8. In the southern hemisphere A.stars rise in the east and set in the west. B.stars rise in the west and set in the east. C.all stars are circumpolar. D.no stars are circumpolar. E.a or b, depending on the time of day. Q2.4

9. In the southern hemisphere A.stars rise in the east and set in the west. B.stars rise in the west and set in the east. C.all stars are circumpolar. D.no stars are circumpolar. E.a or b, depending on the time of day. A2.4

10. Summer occurs in the northern hemisphere of the Earth in June, July, and August because A.the northern hemisphere of Earth is closer to the Sun than the southern hemisphere. B.days are longer in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere. C.the sunlight strikes the northern hemisphere of the Earth at an angle closer to the vertical. D.the Earth is closer to the Sun. E.Both b and c. Q2.5

11. Summer occurs in the northern hemisphere of the Earth in June, July, and August because A.the northern hemisphere of Earth is closer to the Sun than the southern hemisphere. B.days are longer in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere. C.the sunlight strikes the northern hemisphere of the Earth at an angle closer to the vertical. D.the Earth is closer to the Sun. E.Both b and c. A2.5

12. If the Earth ’ s axis were not tilted, A.a day and night would last 365 Earth days. B.the effect of seasons would be exaggerated. C.there would be no seasons. D.the Earth would always keep the same side facing toward the Sun. E.The Earth would be completely covered with ice. Q2.6

13. If the Earth ’ s axis were not tilted, A.a day and night would last 365 Earth days. B.the effect of seasons would be exaggerated. C.there would be no seasons. D.the Earth would always keep the same side facing toward the Sun. E.The Earth would be completely covered with ice. A2.6

14. On a certain night you see the bright red supergiant star Aldebaran set in the west at 7:10 P.M. You go out 2 days later. When does Aldebaran set? A.7:12 P.M. B.7:18 P.M. C.7:10 P.M. D.7:08 P.M. E.7:02 P.M. Q2.7

15. On a certain night you see the bright red supergiant star Aldebaran set in the west at 7:10 P.M. You go out 2 days later. When does Aldebaran set? A.7:12 P.M. B.7:18 P.M. C.7:10 P.M. D.7:08 P.M. E.7:02 P.M. A2.7

16. The ecliptic is A.a projection of the Earth ’ s equator on the celestial sphere. B.the apparent path the Sun follows on the celestial sphere during the course of a day. C.the apparent path the Sun follows on the celestial sphere during the course of a year. D.a circle that goes through both celestial poles. E.another name for the celestial sphere. Q2.8

17. The ecliptic is A.a projection of the Earth ’ s equator on the celestial sphere. B.the apparent path the Sun follows on the celestial sphere during the course of a day. C.the apparent path the Sun follows on the celestial sphere during the course of a year. D.a circle that goes through both celestial poles. E.another name for the celestial sphere. A2.8

18. The point on the ecliptic where the Sun is highest in the sky in the southern hemisphere is the A.summer solstice. B.winter solstice. C.autumnal equinox. D.spring equinox. E.south celestial pole. Q2.9

19. The point on the ecliptic where the Sun is highest in the sky in the southern hemisphere is the A.summer solstice. B.winter solstice. C.autumnal equinox. D.spring equinox. E.south celestial pole. A2.9

20. The point on the ecliptic (see diagram) where the Sun crosses from the southern to the northern hemisphere is the A.summer solstice. B.winter solstice. C.autumnal equinox. D.vernal equinox. E.celestial equator. Q2.10

21. The point on the ecliptic (see diagram) where the Sun crosses from the southern to the northern hemisphere is the A.summer solstice. B.winter solstice. C.autumnal equinox. D.vernal equinox. E.celestial equator. A2.10

22. Why do we have leap years? A.The Earth revolves around the Sun in approximately 365¼ days. B.It is a historical artifact of old calendars that is no longer needed. C.The extra day allows businesses to produce more products. D.The Earth revolves around the Sun in 365 days. E.Pope Gregory XIII established the custom. Q2.11

23. Why do we have leap years? A.The Earth revolves around the Sun in approximately 365¼ days. B.It is a historical artifact of old calendars that is no longer needed. C.The extra day allows businesses to produce more products. D.The Earth revolves around the Sun in 365 days. E.Pope Gregory XIII established the custom. A2.11

24. The Earth ’ s axis of rotation A.has always pointed toward the same direction on the celestial sphere, close to the star Polaris. B.slowly changes direction with respect to the celestial sphere over thousands of years. C.changes direction with respect to the celestial sphere once a year – this is what causes the seasons. D.has always pointed in the direction of the Sun. E.changes direction with respect to the celestial sphere once a month. Q2.12

25. The Earth ’ s axis of rotation A.has always pointed toward the same direction on the celestial sphere, close to the star Polaris. B.slowly changes direction with respect to the celestial sphere over thousands of years. C.changes direction with respect to the celestial sphere once a year – this is what causes the seasons. D.has always pointed in the direction of the Sun. E.changes direction with respect to the celestial sphere once a month. A2.12

26. The latitude of Luanda in Angola is approximately 10° south of the equator. How many times per year is the Sun directly overhead as seen from Luanda? A.0 B.1 C.2 D.3 E.4 Q2.13

27. The latitude of Luanda in Angola is approximately 10° south of the equator. How many times per year is the Sun directly overhead as seen from Luanda? A.0 B.1 C.2 D.3 E.4 A2.13

28. In which direction does the Sun appear to move along the ecliptic over the course of a year, relative to the background stars? A.Toward the southwest B.Toward the west C.Toward the east D.Toward the northwest E.More than one of the above is possible, depending on where the Earth is in its orbit. Q2.14

29. In which direction does the Sun appear to move along the ecliptic over the course of a year, relative to the background stars? A.Toward the southwest B.Toward the west C.Toward the east D.Toward the northwest E.More than one of the above is possible, depending on where the Earth is in its orbit. A2.14

30. The Sun ’ s motion along the ecliptic is due to A.the rotation of the Earth on its axis. B.the motion of the Earth around the Sun. C.the precession of the equinox. D.the tilt of the Earth ’ s axis. E.the motion of the celestial sphere. Q2.15

31. The Sun ’ s motion along the ecliptic is due to A.the rotation of the Earth on its axis. B.the motion of the Earth around the Sun. C.the precession of the equinox. D.the tilt of the Earth ’ s axis. E.the motion of the celestial sphere. A2.15