1. 1 May 2020

2. May 2010 2 H2 Storage 2009 United Solar Ovonic Pioneer and market leader in amorphous silicon thin-film photovoltaic devices Leader in solar roofing  Lightweight, flexible, durable  Ideal for BIPV, BAPV $405M raised for expansion to 1 GW (2012) Ovonic Battery Company Inventor of the NiMH battery 98% of worldwide NiMH production licensed High-growth NiMH market segments:  All hybrid electric vehicles use NiMH  Replacement of primary alkaline (throwaways) with rechargeable NiMH www.ovonic.com

3. May 2010 3 Renewable Hydrogen Low cost hydrogen production from renewable fuels such as biomass.  Proprietary technology  Low-cost distributed production  No CO 2 produced, net reduction  Multiple feedstock's Alkaline Fuel Cell The power of PEM at a fraction of the cost.  Proprietary technology  High power (150-200 W/kg)  Low cost materials (no Platinum)  Reliable, long life Fuel Cell Stacks1 kW System Solid Hydrogen Storage Safe, compact, refillable, and market ready.  Proprietary technology  Low pressure MH storage  Unique DOT-approved status  System integration expertise www.ovonic.com

4. May 2010 4 Alkaline Fuel Cell Alkaline Fuel Cell NiMH Battery NiMH Battery Biofuel Reformation Biofuel Reformation Hydrogen Storage Hydrogen Storage Overlapping Intellectual Property, Experts, Facilities Chemical Processing - Precipitation Hydrogen Storage – Alloy Formulas + Processing Nickel Catalyzed Alkaline Chemistry

5. May 2010 55 Ovonic Renewable Hydrogen (ORH) is a premier technology to generate distributed, merchant grade hydrogen economically from multiple feedstocks including biomass.

6. May 2010 66  Base material is used as a reactant  Carbonate is formed as byproduct instead of CO or CO 2  Base material is used as a reactant  Carbonate is formed as byproduct instead of CO or CO 2 ORH H2H2 Steam Reforming Steam Reforming Gas Produced H 2, CO 2, (CO) Gas Produced Chemistry – Cellulose (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n Ovonic Renewable Hydrogen Reforming (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n + 12nNaOH + nH 2 O ↔ 6nNa 2 CO 3 + 12nH 2 Gasification/Reforming (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n + 7nH 2 O ↔ 6nCO 2 + 12nH 2 Chemistry – Cellulose (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n Ovonic Renewable Hydrogen Reforming (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n + 12nNaOH + nH 2 O ↔ 6nNa 2 CO 3 + 12nH 2 Gasification/Reforming (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n + 7nH 2 O ↔ 6nCO 2 + 12nH 2 (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n + nH 2 O ↔ 6nCO + 6nH 2 6nCO + 6nH 2 O ↔ 6nCO 2 + 6nH 2 O Gas Shift ------------------------------------- (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n + 7nH 2 O ↔ 6nCO 2 + 12nH 2

7. May 2010 7 Reactor Water Gas Shift catalyst Water Gas Shift catalyst FuelH 2 O(steam) H 2 + COH 2 + CO 2 Pressure Swing Absorption Pressure Swing Absorption CO 2 H2H2 Reactor Carbonate Recycling (optional) Carbonate Recycling (optional) Fuel NaOH H2OH2O H2H2

8. May 2010 8 Enthalpies ΔH° are significantly lower in the ORH process compared to Steam Reforming – Lower heat of reaction and higher efficiencies Gibbs free energies ΔG° are significantly lower in the ORH process compared to Steam Reforming – Lower reaction temperatures FuelΔH° (kJ/mole) Efficiency (%) Δ G° (kJ/mole) Reaction Temperature (°C) CH 4 (SR)Methane +26692+141900 CH 4 (ORH)“ +88113+6.3300 CH 3 OH (SR)Methanol +13894+19350 CH 3 OH (ORH)“ -40114-121-115120 C 2 H 5 OH (SR)Ethanol +36892+119800 C 2 H 5 OH (ORH)“ +12117-151130 C 6 H 12 O 6 (SR)Glucose +62992-34900 C 6 H 12 O 6 (ORH)“ -405114-136-804220

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10. 10 Operation features  Demonstrated continuous flow operation (100 gram H 2 /day)  Low operation temperatures (120˚C-140˚C)  Validated >99% H 2 without CO or CO 2  100% conversion yield  High reaction rates  Validated sodium carbonate as byproduct  Quantified process parameters and determined rates and yields Development Activities  Carbonate recycle  Carbonate precipitation  Scale up 24 hour Continuous Operation Demonstrated continuous operation with liquid fuel

11. May 2010 11 Batch laboratory studies  Demonstrated feasibility  Pure hydrogen (~99%)  No CO or CO 2 (CH 4 primary impurity)  Reformation rates sufficient  Conversion yield of up to 75% at 260˚C  Identified and quantified effects of process parameters on performance Development Activities  Continuous flow design  Carbonate recycle  Separation of catalyst from solid residue  Purity of carbonate byproduct  Improve conversion yield Critical to develop solid continuous reactor Good Rate with Grass at 260°C

12. May 2010 12 Municipal Solid Waste To Hydrogen – DOE Program (~250 Million Tons MSW per year generated in U.S.) Project Objective Build prototype reactor system producing 10kg H 2 /day Demonstrate continuous reactor operation Validate process feasibility by correlating experimental results with economic analysis Municipal Solid Waste To Hydrogen – DOE Program (~250 Million Tons MSW per year generated in U.S.) Project Objective Build prototype reactor system producing 10kg H 2 /day Demonstrate continuous reactor operation Validate process feasibility by correlating experimental results with economic analysis Partners Directed Technologies, Inc. (DTI), Sentech Western Michigan University Partners Directed Technologies, Inc. (DTI), Sentech Western Michigan University

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17. May 2010 17 Gas chromatograph results of the gas produced from ORH reforming of wood show high purity hydrogen (>99.75%) with the balance being methane (0.25%)

18. May 2010 18 Converting Agricultural Residues To Hydrogen Project Objective Demonstrate sufficient kinetics and yield Converting Agricultural Residues To Hydrogen Project Objective Demonstrate sufficient kinetics and yield Partner University of Manitoba Partner University of Manitoba

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20. May 2010 20 FeedstockHydrogen Yield (%) * H 2 (%)CH 4 (%) Flax shives, non- milled, non-delignified 87982 Hemp Hurds, non- milled, non-delignified 85982 Hemp Hurds, milled, non-delignified 93973 Barely hulls, milled, non-delignified 90982 Hemp bast fibers, milled, non-delignified 87982 Mixed hemp, milled, non-delignified 87973 Mixed hemp, milled, delignified 88982 Wood, milled, delignified 95982 Wood, non-milled, delignified (dried) 95982 DDGS, non-milled 66982 Whole stillage (liquid, 14% solid) 75982 * H 2 yield (%): (liter gas obtained/gr-solid)*H 2 (%)/1.8 (1.8 liter-H 2 /gr-cellulose, theoretical)

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23. May 2010 23  Used DOE H2A economic analysis tool  Net present value with Internal Rate of Return (IRR): 10%  20 years depreciation on facility equipment  10 years depreciation on reactor  Cost of feedstock and electricity taken from Energy Information Administration (EIA) Annual Energy Outlook report  Used DOE H2A economic analysis tool  Net present value with Internal Rate of Return (IRR): 10%  20 years depreciation on facility equipment  10 years depreciation on reactor  Cost of feedstock and electricity taken from Energy Information Administration (EIA) Annual Energy Outlook report

24. May 2010 24 Reformation at 1,500 kg Hydrogen per Day Ethanol $3.70/kg Methanol $2.60/kg Biomass$2.00/kg Merchant Hydrogen ~$10-13/kg Reformation at 1,500 kg Hydrogen per Day Ethanol $3.70/kg Methanol $2.60/kg Biomass$2.00/kg Merchant Hydrogen ~$10-13/kg

25. May 2010 25 (1) Industrial and delivered costs taken from M. Mann, "Hydrogen can we afford it”, Solar Today, May/June, 2004 (2) ECD bulk hydrogen supply (~200 kg shipments). Does not include the significant cost to rental/lease onsite storage tanks. (1) Industrial and delivered costs taken from M. Mann, "Hydrogen can we afford it”, Solar Today, May/June, 2004 (2) ECD bulk hydrogen supply (~200 kg shipments). Does not include the significant cost to rental/lease onsite storage tanks. Assumptions Ovonic reactor can be put onsite of user. Ovonic process uses biomass as a fuel and w/ biomass delivery up to 50 miles. Industrial production uses methane as fuel. ECD pays $13.50/kg H 2 for its tube trailer delivered H 2. ECD also pays $1700/month in addition to the hydrogen cost for equipment usage. Assumptions Ovonic reactor can be put onsite of user. Ovonic process uses biomass as a fuel and w/ biomass delivery up to 50 miles. Industrial production uses methane as fuel. ECD pays $13.50/kg H 2 for its tube trailer delivered H 2. ECD also pays $1700/month in addition to the hydrogen cost for equipment usage. Average 2002 cost of tube trailer delivered H 2 ~$11-13/kg H 2 (1,2) Average 2002 cost of tube trailer delivered H 2 ~$11-13/kg H 2 (1,2) Industrial Production ~$0.8-2/kg H 2 (1) Ovonic cost to produce distributed hydrogen ~$2/kg H 2

26. May 2010 26 Multiple fuels have been shown as feasible. Developing process for reformation of MSW and biomass. Exhibits good hydrogen production rate at low temperature. ORH is a simple one step process to obtain pure H 2 (>99.5%). No water gas shift or pressure swing absorption systems are needed. The ORH process is economically feasible and competes well with other technologies. Next step to demonstrate continuous operation of pilot plant to substantiate economic and technical models. Ovonic reformation can be the bridge to the hydrogen economy, providing immediate cost and distribution advantage to present hydrogen users by enabling a low cost hydrogen distribution infrastructure. Multiple fuels have been shown as feasible. Developing process for reformation of MSW and biomass. Exhibits good hydrogen production rate at low temperature. ORH is a simple one step process to obtain pure H 2 (>99.5%). No water gas shift or pressure swing absorption systems are needed. The ORH process is economically feasible and competes well with other technologies. Next step to demonstrate continuous operation of pilot plant to substantiate economic and technical models. Ovonic reformation can be the bridge to the hydrogen economy, providing immediate cost and distribution advantage to present hydrogen users by enabling a low cost hydrogen distribution infrastructure.

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