1. ‘SECURITY THROUGH DIVERSITY’
What happens after Carlsbad?
‘SECURITY THROUGH DIVERSITY’
A STRATEGY FOR WATER SUPPLY IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA TO ACHIEVE CLIMATE RESILIENCE
Urban Water Institute’s Spring Water Conference February 10-12, 2016
Hilton Palm Springs Hotel
Palm Springs
Thursday, February 11, 2016
Gary Crisp

2. *Average annual rainfall
Major Australian desalination plants
45-in
*Average annual rainfall
Brisbane
Gold Coast
Perth
45-in
Sydney
19-in
Adelaide
20-in
Melbourne
21-in

3. Means no more severe water restrictions
Perth 1
Perth 2
Gold Coast
Sydney
Adelaide
Melbourne
Means no more severe water restrictions
The Big Six Australian Desalination Plants
$12b - all delivered in less than 8 years producing 420 MGD (1600 MLD)

4. Perth, Australia: population 2 million

5. Water Corporation Overview
The Water Corporation’s Operating Licence positions them as the principal supplier of water, wastewater, drainage and bulk irrigation services in Western Australia to hundreds of thousands of homes, businesses and farms.
WA 1,021,478 mi2
CA 163,696 mi2
6.2 x
Key Points
Established in 1996 as a Statutory Corporation. Owned by the WA Government and accountable to our sole shareholder, the Minister for Water.
Deliver services within conditions required by the Department of Water, Health, Environment Regulation, and Parks and Wildlife and EPA.
Price is reviewed and proposed by the ERA, of which Government then sets.
Confidential, Page 5

6. Record Low Rainfall Average Rainfall Deciles Average Rainfall Deciles
2006 calendar year
Decile Ranges
Average Rainfall Deciles
3 years from January 2012 to December 2014
Decile Ranges
Source: Bureau of Metrology.

7. Declining Streamflows and Below Average Rainfall
Pre – 1975 Average ,286 acre-ft
Annual streamflows into Perth Dams
Historical, 1912 to 2014
Gigalitres per year
Rainfall (Perth Airport)
Average mm
1 GL = 810 acre-ft
750,000 acre-ft
,214 acre-ft
,050 acre-ft
Source Bureau of Metrology
Confidential, Page 7

8. Water Use in Western Australia
In 2013/14, the Corporation used approximately 8% of WA’s licensed water supply for public water supply. Of this water, two thirds was used within the Perth metropolitan area. Residential customers used 70% of the water supplied to Perth.
Licenced water supply in WA %
Water Corporation water supply %
Water Corporation Perth use %
2013/14 Actual
WC use *
Perth Metro
Residential
Non
Revenue
Non Corporation or unused licence allocation for the Corporation
Other Regions
Non
Residential
* The 8% understates the Corporation’s share of water use as other industries may also use less than their entitlements
Note: Non Water Corporation water use may include mining, farming, domestic and commercial bore extractions etc but excludes external desalination; Regional water use is driven by mining activity and community services.
Source: Water Corporation Annual Report 2013/14; internal reports; Department of Water Annual Report 2013/14
Confidential, Page 8

9. Courtesy of Water Corporation
Smarter use of Water
Catchment Management
Surface Water
Open soak well in Suburb
Soak wells about to be installed in Perth CBD
SECURITY THROUGH DIVERSITY
Details for Australian Trademark No
Number Australian Trademark No
Mark SECURITY THROUGH DIVERSITY
Owner Water Corporation
Address LEEDERVILLE WA 6009, AUSTRALIA (AU).
Service Lord & Company
Filing date 4 May 2006
More information about Australian Trademark No
This trademark for SECURITY THROUGH DIVERSITY was filed by Water Corporation.
On 18 May 2006 this trademark was filed, and on 
31 August 2006 this trademark was accepted and on 8 February 2007 this trademark was registered.
Groundwater
Water Recycling / IPR ASR
Seawater Desalination
Water Trading
Courtesy of Water Corporation

10. Suburban (Council) Soakwells within half a mile from my home in Fremantle

11. Soakwells for Households and Building Developments
16 % not reused

12. Corporation has Saved Over 100GL (81,000 acre-ft) a Year Since 2001
Confidential, Page 12

13. Integrated Water Supply Scheme - 2011
IWSS Sources
% as at 2011
310 miles
20%
310 miles
30%
90 miles
10%
40%
Confidential, Page 13

14. Integrated Water Supply Scheme - 2015
IWSS Sources
% as at 2015
51%
Dams 7%
GWR 1%
41%
Confidential, Page 14

15. Integrated Water Supply Scheme - 2022
IWSS Sources
As at 2022 %
Expanded deep aquifer network and groundwater recharge
Dams retained for operations and banking
Inflows used as available
49% (Perth 1, 2A &2B)
Expanded Seawater Desalination capacity
GWR
11% Beenyup AWRP (ASR)
40%
(51%)
Note: The IWSS supplies water to Perth, Wheatbelt, Goldfields and Agricultural Regions and some South West towns.
Source: Water Corporation’s “Water Forever – Whatever the Weather” 2011; internal presentations.
Indian Ocean to supply up to 122,000 acre-ft/year (150 million m3/year), almost half of Perth’s water needs - a situation that was only a dream just 15 years ago.
Confidential, Page 15

16. Perth Water Supply Security
Courtesy Water Corporation
920 GL = 750,000 acre -ft
Perth 3
1958
92% Dams
8% G/water
1980
65% Dams
35% G/water
2004
38% Dams
62% G/water
2014
7% Dams % Desal
42% G/water % GWR
2022 ?
0% Dams % Desal
40% G/water % GWR
2022 Likely
0% Dams % Desal
24% G/water % GWR

17. Decision Time Perth 1 – Perth Seawater Desalination Plant
- Reduced Inflow to Dams (as at 1 Nov 06)
273,906 Acre-Ft
143,435 Acre-Ft
75,122 Acre-Ft
51,864 Acre-Ft
Perth 1
Decision Point
972 Acre-Ft
1GL = 810 Acre-Ft
GL = 8640 Acre-Ft
Courtesy of the Water Corporation

18. Integrated Water Supply Scheme - 2015
IWSS Sources
% as at 2015
51%
Dams 7%
GWR 1%
41%
Confidential, Page 18

19. Perth 1 - Perth Seawater Desalination Plant (PSDP)
Courtesy of Water Corporation
Located in Kwinana
38 MGD Capacity: 40,000 AF/Y
Total Capital Cost: $317 million
Purpose: Base load core supply
Commenced operation in Nov. ‘06
Wind Power is used as offset
Status: Operating beyond “name plate” capacity

20. - Reduced Inflow to Dams (as at 1 Nov 06)
Decision Time Perth 2A – Southern Seawater Desalination Plant – Phase 1
- Reduced Inflow to Dams (as at 1 Nov 06)
273,906 Acre-Ft
143,435 Acre-Ft
75,122 Acre-Ft
51,864 Acre-Ft
Perth 2A Decision Points
972 Acre-Ft
1GL = 810 Acre-Ft
GL = 8640 Acre-Ft
Courtesy of the Water Corporation

21. Perth 2A - Southern Seawater Desalination Plant (SSDP)
Located in Binningup
40 MGD Capacity: 42,000 AF/Y
Total Capital Cost: $1.27 billion
Purpose: Base load core supply
Commenced operation in Sept. ‘11
Wind / Solar/ Wave Power as energy offset
Status: Phase 1: operating
Courtesy of Water Corporation

22. - Reduced Inflow to Dams (as at 1 Nov 06)
Decision Time Perth 2B – Southern Seawater Desalination Plant – Phase 2
- Reduced Inflow to Dams (as at 1 Nov 06)
273,906 Acre-Ft
143,435 Acre-Ft
75,122 Acre-Ft
51,864 Acre-Ft
Perth 2B Decision Points
972 Acre-Ft
1GL = 810 Acre-Ft
GL = 8640 Acre-Ft
Courtesy of the Water Corporation

23. Perth 2B - Southern Seawater Desalination Plant (SSDP)
Located in Binningup
80 MGD Capacity: 80,000 AF/Y
Total Capital Cost: $1.27 billion
Purpose: Base load core supply
Commenced operation in June ‘13
Wind / Solar/ Wave Power as energy offset
Status: Phase 1 & 2: operating
Courtesy of Water Corporation

24. San Diego Rainfall vs Perth Rainfall and San Diego Temperature vs Perth Temperature

25. What is Southern California doing?
‘SECURITY THROUGH DIVERSITY’ – A STRATEGY FOR WATER SUPPLY IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA TO ACHIEVE CLIMATE RESILIENCE
What is Southern California doing?
Well much the same Conventional sources Water use efficiency/ water restrictions/ education Seawater Desalination – the ground breaking Carlsbad plant More to come potentially – Huntington Beach, West Basin, Camp Pendleton, Doheny Seawater Desalination Of great importance – IPR (and possibly DPR)

26. Thank You Water Forever Whatever the weather
Drought-proofing Perth
Perth water supply is secure because of a portfolio approach including conservation and stormwater reuse
A Big Thank You to my Co-Authors:
Neil Palmer – NCEDA
Suzanne Brown – Water Corporation
Terry Murphy – Water Corporation
Thank You