1. 2 November 2011JPSS SST at STAR 1 2 nd NASA SST Science Team Meeting 2 – 4 November 2011, Miami Beach, FL Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) SST Algorithm and Cal/Val Activities at NESDIS/STAR Sasha Ignatov Xingming Liang, Prasanjit Dash, John Stroup, Yury Kihai, Boris Petrenko, Feng Xu, Korak Saha, Marouan Bouali, John Sapper, Bob Arnone, Sid Jackson NOAA/NESDIS, CIRA, NRL, NGAS In close collaboration with: Doug May, Bruce McKenzie, Jean-Francois Cayula (NAVO) Bob Evans, Peter Minnett (U. Miami/RSMAS) Pierre LeBorgne (Meteo France)

2. 2 JPSS/NPP JPSS is a joint NASA/NOAA/EUMETSAT Program NPP: First US satellite in the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) NPP successfully launched on 28 October 2011 To be followed by JPSS-1 (2015) and JPSS-2 (2018) European contribution – Metop AVHRR Algorithms Developed by Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems (NGAS) Run by Raytheon Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) Effective 2011, STAR in charge of JPSS Algorithms. SST Algorithm Team: S. Ignatov (STAR), D. May (NAVO), P. Minnett and R. Evans (U. Miami), P. LeBorgne (EUMETSAT) Cal/Val Ocean Cal/Val Team (SST/Color): Lead Bob Arnone (~2008) SST Cal/Val Team: May, Minnett, Evans, Ignatov JPSS VIIRS SST JPSS SST at STAR2 November 2011

3. 3 Raytheon: IDPS (Interface Data Processing Segment ) – No RTM Regression Non-Linear SST (NLSST) VIIRS Cloud Mask (VCM) NESDIS: ACSPO (Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans) - RTM Regression SST; RTM based under testing (Petrenko tomorrow) Cloud mask/QC: RTM-Based O&SI SAF: Metop/AVHHR Heritage – RTM Regression SST; RTM based under testing Heritage cloud mask NAVO: SEATEMP Heritage – No RTM Regression SST; Heritage cloud mask U. Miami/RSMAS: MODIS/AVHHR Pathfinder Heritage – No RTM Regression SST; Heritage cloud mask Polar SST Systems and Products JPSS SST at STAR 2 November 2011

4. 4 SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM) www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/squam/ www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/squam/ Global validation against various L4s and in situ SST Double-Differences (Cross-Platform & Product Consistency) In situ SST Quality Monitor (iQuam) www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/iquam/ www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/iquam/ QC of in situ SST (drifters, moorings, ships) Web display summary statistics Distribute QC’ed in situ data to users Monitoring IR Clear-sky Radiances over Oceans for SST (MICROS) http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/micros/ http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/micros/ Monitor clear-sky ocean Brightness Temperatures vs. CRTM Check for cross-platform consistency with AVHRRs and MODISs using Double-Differencing technique Current Priority: Cross-Evaluate IDPS vs. other BTs/SSTs JPSS SST at STAR 2 November 2011

5. 5 GAC ~4km Global Area Coverage GAC ~4km Global Area Coverage NESDIS ACSPO (new); MUT (heritage) NESDIS ACSPO (new); MUT (heritage) MetOp FRAC ~1km Full Resolution Area Coverage MetOp FRAC ~1km Full Resolution Area Coverage EUMETSAT O&SI SAF EUMETSAT O&SI SAF NAVO SEATEMP NAVO SEATEMP U. Miami + NODC Pathfinder Ocean (L3P) U. Miami + NODC Pathfinder Ocean (L3P) NESDIS ACSPO NESDIS ACSPO Cross-evaluate IDPS SST against ACSPO and against other available L2 AVHRR SST products MODIS ~1km Terra and Aqua MODIS ~1km Terra and Aqua U. Miami MO(Y)D28 U. Miami MO(Y)D28 NESDIS ACSPO NESDIS ACSPO VIIRS ~1km NPP VIIRS ~1km NPP IDPS NESDIS ACSPO NESDIS ACSPO L2 SST Products in SQUAM JPSS SST at STAR 2 November 2011

6. 6 http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/squam/ JPSS SST at STAR 2 November 2011

7. 7 JPSS SST at STAR ACSPO SST minus OSTIA (Daytime) Referencing L2 to an L4 gives a quick snapshot of L2 product well-being 2 November 2011

8. 8 JPSS SST at STAR O&SI SAF SST minus OSTIA (Daytime) Warm Δs expected during daytime. Cold Δs may indicate residual cloud 2 November 2011

9. 9 JPSS SST at STAR ACSPO SST minus OSTIA (Daytime) Histograms of Δs are near-Gaussian and centered at zero 2 November 2011

10. 10 JPSS SST at STAR O&SI SAF SST minus OSTIA (Daytime) Moments of histograms are used to cross-evaluate different products 2 November 2011

11. 11 JPSS SST at STAR STD “AVHRR minus OSTIA” (Daytime) L2-L4 statistics are automatically trended in near-real time 2 November 2011

12. 12 JPSS SST at STAR STD “AVHRR minus Drifters” (Daytime) Similar analyses are performed in L2 minus in situ space 2 November 2011

13. 13 JPSS SST at STAR Mean “ACSPO minus OSTIA” (Daytime) Hovmoller diagrams updated in near-real time 2 November 2011

14. 14 JPSS SST at STAR Mean “O&SI SAF minus OSTIA” (Daytime) Hovmoller diagrams updated in near-real time 2 November 2011

15. 15 JPSS SST at STAR http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/iquam/ 2 November 2011

16. 16 iQuam QC is Consistent with UKMO CategoryCheckType of error handledPhysical basis PreprocessingDuplicate Removal Duplicates arise from multiple transmission or data set merging Identical space/time/ID PlausibilityPlausibility checks Unreasonable field valuesRange of single fields & Relationships among them Internal consistency TrackingPoints falling out of trackTravel speed exceeds limit Spike checkDiscontinuities in SST time series along track SST gradient exceeds limit External consistency Reference Check Measurements deviating far away from reference Bayesian approach (*) (Ref. SST: Daily OI SST v2) Mutual consistency Cross- platform Check Mutual verification with nearby measurements (“buddies check”) Bayesian approach (*) based on space/time correlation of SST field (Correlation model: 2-scale SOAR, Martin et al., 2002) (*) Lorenc and Hammon, 1988; Ingleby and Haddleston, 2007 JPSS SST at STAR 2 November 2011

17. 17 www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/MICROS/ MICROS : End-to-end system JPSS SST at STAR 2 November 2011

18. 18 Model minus Observation (“M-O”) Biases -M (Model) = Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) simulated TOA Brightness Temperatures (w/ Reynolds SST, GFS profiles as input) -O (Observation) = Clear-Sky sensor (AVHRR, MODIS, VIIRS) BTs Double Differences (“DD”) for Cross-Platform Consistency -“M” used as a “Transfer Standard” -DDs cancel out/minimize effect of systematic errors & instabilities in BTs arising from e.g. -Errors/Instabilities in Reynolds SST & GFS -Missing aerosol -Possible systemic biases in CRTM -Updates to ACSPO algorithm M-O Biases and Double Differences JPSS SST at STAR 2 November 2011

19. 19 AVHRR M-O Biases @11 µm M-O Biases change in time but are largely consistent between platforms JPSS SST at STAR 2 November 2011

20. 20 AVHRR Double Differences @11 µm (Ref=Metop-A) Double Differences emphasize cross-platform BT (in)consistencies NOAA-16 shows anomalous behavior. Other platforms show cross- platform systematic biases of several hundredths-to-tenths of a Kelvin JPSS SST at STAR 2 November 2011

21. 21 MODIS & Proxy VIIRS DD’s @11 µm (Ref=Metop-A) In Band 31, Terra/Aqua are consistent but 0.3-0.4K off AVHHR cluster. In Band 32, MODIS and AVHRR agree closely. In Band 20, Terra and Aqua are 0.3 K apart and bracket AVHRR. Proxy VIIRS included to test ACSPO/MICROS processor end-to-end JPSS SST at STAR 2 November 2011

22. 22 Striping in MODIS and VIIRS Striping is smaller for Aqua and less pronounced in long wave bands JPSS SST at STAR MODIS-AQUA, CH31, BT – CRTM BTMODIS-AQUA, CH32, BT – CRTM BT 2 November 2011

23. 23 Striping in MODIS and VIIRS Striping is more pronounced in band 20 used for nighttime SST JPSS SST at STAR MODIS-AQUA, CH20, BT – CRTM BTMODIS-AQUA, SST - REYNOLDS 2 November 2011

24. 24 Summary  VIIRS SST Algorithm support ramping up at STAR  Validation support -MICROS fully functional with AVHRR, MODIS & proxy VIIRS -iQuam fully functional for VIIRS Cal/Val -SQUAM fully functional with AVHRR FRAC (OSI SAF & ACSPO) -Adding MODIS (MOD28 & ACSPO) and VIIRS (IDPS & ACSPO) functionalities is underway  Stripiness -Initiated analyses with MODIS -Quantifying degree of stripiness, fixes and monitoring underway JPSS SST at STAR 2 November 2011

25. 25 Ongoing Near-Term Work JPSS SST at STAR  Algorithm -SST coefficients updates -Algorithm change process (coefficients, code) -Communication with VIIRS SDR (L1b) and Cloud Mask groups  Cal/Val -Evaluate IDPS L2 SST in SQUAM and Cross-evaluate against other available L2 SSTs -Evaluate VIIRS SST Radiances in MICROS -Document iQuam & Update (add ARGO floats, etc)  Stripiness -Define a “stripiness” indicator in band/product -Implement and test out destripiness fixes -Continuously monitor stripiness (similar to SQUAM, MICROS) 2 November 2011