1. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Business Research Methods, 10eCopyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 10 Experiments

2. 10-2 Causal Evidence Agreement between IVs and DVs Time order of occurrence Extraneous variables did not influence DVs

3. 10-3 Evaluation of Experiments Advantages Ability to manipulate IV Use of control group Control of extraneous variables Replication possible Field experiments possible Disadvantages Artificiality of labs Non-representative sample Expense Focus on present and immediate future Ethical limitations

4. 10-4 Experimentation in the Research Process

5. 10-5 Conducting an Experiment Specify treatment levels Control environment Choose experimental design Select and assign participants Pilot-test, revise, and test Collect data Analyze data

6. 10-6 Experiment: Placement of Benefits Module

7. 10-7 Selecting and Assigning Participants Random assignment Matching

8. 10-8 Quota Matrix Example

9. 10-9 Measurement Options Scaling techniques Physiological measures Physiological measures Options Paper-and- pencil tests Observation Self- administered instruments

10. 10-10 Validity in Experimentation ExternalInternal

11. 10-11 Threats to Internal Validity Threats MaturationHistoryTesting Instrumentation Selection Statistical regression Experimental mortality

12. 10-12 Additional Threats to Internal Validity Diffusion of treatment Compensatory equalization Compensatory rivalry Resentful disadvantaged Local history

13. 10-13 Threats to External Validity Reactivity of testing on X Interaction of selection and X Other reactive factors

14. 10-14 Experimental Research Designs Pre-experiments True experiments Field experiments

15. 10-15 After-Only Case Study X O Pre-experiment

16. 10-16 One Group Pretest-Posttest Design O 1 X O 2 Pre-experiment

17. 10-17 Static Group Comparison X O 1 O 2 Pre-experiment

18. 10-18 Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design RO 1 XO 2 RO 3 O 4 True experiment

19. 10-19 Posttest-Only Control Group Design True experiment RXO1RO2RXO1RO2

20. 10-20 Nonequivalent Control Group Design O1XO2O3O4O1XO2O3O4 Field experiment

21. 10-21 Group Time Series Design R O 1 O 2 O 3 X O 4 O 5 O 6 R O 7 O 8 O 9 O 10 O 11 O 12 Field experiment