1. NATIVE ARTS OF THE AMERICAS BEFORE 1300
GARDINER 14-2 PP

2. INTERMEDIATE AREA
Between the highly developed civilizations of Mesoamerica and the south American Andes is a region archeologists have dubbed the “Intermediate Area”
Parts of El Salvador, Hionduras, Ecuador, Venezuela, and all of Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Columbia
Made up of many small rival chiefdoms
Did not produce monumental architecture

3. Pendant in the form of a bat- faced man, Tairona, from northeastern Columbia, after CE, gold, 5 ¼ “ high
The peoples of the Intermediate Area between Mesoamerica and Andean South America were expert goldsmiths
This pendant depicting a bat- faced man with a large headdress served as an amulet

4. CHAVIN
The indigenous cultures of Andean South America are older and in some ways surpassed their northern counterparts
Mastered metalworking earlier
Monumental architecture predates the earliest Mesoamerican culture of the Olmecs
Mummified the dead 500 years before the Egyptians
The Central Andean region is comprised of three zones
Coastal desert
Andes peaks
Eastern slope jungles
One of the earliest Central Andean cultures was the Chavin culture ( BCE)

5. CHAVIN DE HUANTAR – PLAN
FLASHCARD
#153-1
Chavin de Huantar is a religious capital
The plan is composed of an Old Temple which is U shaped and a New Temple next to it which fronts a sunken courtyard
The old temple contains a labyrinth of narrow passages, stairways and small chembers

6. CHAVIN DE HUANTAR – LANZON STELA
FLASHCARD #153-2
Located inside the Old Temple of Chavin
At the center, underground is the 15 feet tall Lanzon (Spanish for “blade”) stone
Depicts powerful composite creature -> claws, fangs, face of a jaguar, hair of snakes
Flat relief, curvilinear pattern
Center of pilgrimage but access to the immense oracular cult image was restricted

7. CHAVIN DE HUANTAR – RELIEF SCULPTURE
FLASHCARD #153-3
Located on the ruins of at stairway at Chavin
Shows jaguars in low relief

8. CHAVIN DE HUANTAR – NOSE ORNAMENT
FLASHCARD #153-3
Worn by males and females under the nose
Held in place by semi-circular section at top
Two snake heads at either end
Makes the wearer into a supernatural being during ceremonies

9. PARACAS
Detail of an embroidered funerary mantle, Paracas, from the southern coast of Peru, first century CE
The Paracas culture occupied a coastal area of Peru between 400 BCE – 200 CE
This is a close-up of a woven mantle used to wrap bodies of the dead
The flying or floating figure repeated endlessly on the mantle is probably either the deceased or a religious practitioner

10. NASCA
Bridge-spouted vessel with flying figures, Nasca, from Nasca River Valley, Peru, painted ceramic, 5”
The Nasco overlapped with the Paracas culture and existed to their south
The Nasca were masters of pottery painting -> the painter of this bridge-spouted vessel depicted two crowned and bejeweled flying figures, probably ritual impersonators w/trophy heads

11. NASCA LINES
Hummingbird, Nasco, Nasca plain, Peru, ca CE. Dark layer of pebbles scraped aside to reveal lighter clay and calcite beneath
Earth drawings known as Nasca Lines represent birds, fish, planes, and geometric forms
The hummingbird is several hundred feet long and cannot be perceived from the ground
Laid out using simple stone and string methods
Some lead in traceable directions across the desert, or link shrines like knots in a rope, or locate water supplies -> the lines represent a map of the material and spiritual concerns of the Nasca

13. MOCHE