1. Four Stroke Gas Engines The four strokes of a internal combustion engine are: Intake Compression Power Exhaust Each cycle requires two revolutions of the crankshaft (720˚ rotation), and one revolution of the camshaft to complete (360˚ rotation). Each stroke = 180˚ of crankshaft revolution.

2. Intake Stroke First Stroke The piston moves down the cylinder from TDC (Top Dead Center) to BDC (Bottom Dead Center). This movement of piston causes low air pressure in the cylinder (vacuum) Mixture of Air and Fuel in the ratio of 14.7 : 1 (air : fuel) is drawn into the cylinder. Intake valve stays open and the Exhaust valve stays closed during this stroke.

3. Compression stroke Second stroke The piston moves from BDC to TDC Intake and exhaust valves stay closed Air and fuel mixture is compressed 8:1 to 12:1 The pressure in the cylinder is raised

4. Power stroke Third stroke At the end of compression stroke the sparkplug fires, igniting the air/fuel mixture. Both the valves stay closed in this stroke. The expanding gases from the combustion in the cylinder (with no escape) push the piston down. The piston travels from TDC to BDC.

5. Exhaust stroke Fourth and last stroke The momentum created by the Counter-weights on the crankshaft, move the piston from BDC to TDC. The exhaust valve opens and the burned gases escape into the exhaust system. Intake valve remains closed.

6. Four strokes All four strokes

7. Four Cylinder Engine Firing order: The sequence cylinders fire (power stroke takes place)

8. Valve Timing The ratio of cam to crank sprocket is 2:1 For every two revolutions of Crankshaft, the Camshaft turns once. Belt driven Chain driven Gear driven

9. Carburetor The job of the carburetor is to accurately meter extremely tiny quantities of fuel and mix it with the air entering the engine, so that the engine runs properly. AFR 14.7:1 It works on the principle of High and low pressure High and low pressure is created with the help of Venture Rich mixture (high fuel/low air ratio) Lean mixture (high air/low fuel ratio)

10. Ignition system Provides high voltage surges – as high as 47,000 volts to the spark plug Parts permanent magnet. armature assembly. breaker points. condenser. spark plug.

11. Lubrication Dipper/ slinger is bolted on to the connecting-rod bearing caps and as the crankshaft spins oil gets splashed on the cylinder walls. Lubricates, cleans and cools.

12. Cooling Air cooled Fins are used to dissipate heat Liquid cooled Coolant is used to dissipate heat.