1. Political Cartoons: More Than Meets The Eye How to Interpret the Basic Elements of Political Cartoons

2. What Are Political Cartoons? Art form that serves as a source of opinion on society Express viewpoints on political, economic, or social issues Make use of humor, symbolism, historical events, and stereotypes

3. How To Read Them? Artist’s viewpoint Historical Images Use of Symbols Captions Humor and Satire –Caricature –Stereotype

4. Artist’s Viewpoint: The purpose of any political cartoon is to express an opinion. What subject or issue is the artist commenting on? How is the subject portrayed? What feelings are suggested by the images?

5. What is the artist’s viewpoint of this cartoon? What subject or issue is the artist commenting on? How is the subject portrayed? What feelings are suggested by the images?

6. What is the artist’s viewpoint of this cartoon? People who don’t vote will be in trouble with society. Heitzmann, W.R. (1980) Political cartoons: Scholastic social studies skills. New York: Scholastic, Inc.

7. Historical Images Artists include historical or literary images to help express viewpoints on current issues. Recognizing the historical or literary images is necessary to understand the meaning of the cartoon.

8. Historical Images The angel of Teddy Roosevelt reacting to the news that Pres. Carter would turn over the control of the Panama Canal to the Panamanian government in 1999. Soldiers “guarding” the entrance to the United States to all immigrants except the Chinese following the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. Heitzmann, W.R. (1980) Political cartoons: Scholastic social studies skills. New York: Scholastic, Inc. http://www.immigrants.harpweek.com/ChineseAmericans/Illustrations/ 078EPluribusUnumMain.htm

9. What are some every day symbols? What do these symbols stand for?

10. Discuss the meaning of the following symbols:

11. Why are symbols used? Something visual is better than words Images are powerful Pictures are easier to remember than words

12. The Use of Animals as Symbols If a person is described as a pig, what does it imply? What about a shark? What about a vulture?

13. Use of Symbols: Images that stand for something else (objects, places, groups of people, ideas, beliefs, character traits)

14. Common Political Cartoon Symbols and Devices

15. The U.S. Government

16. Freedom and Democracy

17. Democratic Party Republican Party

18. Justice

19. Time

20. Danger

21. Hope

22. Light Dark -hope and goodwill –disaster and fear

23. Slow Pace

24. Wealth

25. Weak and Powerful and powerless threatening

26. Gluttony and Overuse

27. Humor and Satire Humor creates interest Caricature: overemphasis of a person’s features Irony: saying the opposite of what was really meant Satire: the portrayal of a wrongdoing so that it becomes the object of ridicule Stereotype: an oversimplified judgment of a group of people or objects

28. Humor and Satire http://www.comics.com/editoons/ariail/archive/ariail-20070919.html Hakim, J. (1993). A history of us: An age of extremes. New York: Oxford University Press. Heitzmann, W.R. (1980) Political cartoons: Scholastic social studies skills. New York: Scholastic, Inc. Heitzmann, W.R. (1980) Political cartoons: Scholastic social studies skills. New York: Scholastic, Inc. Caricature Stereotype Satire Irony

29. Captions Can help the reader understand the message, even if the symbols aren’t familiar.

30. Questions to Ask Yourself: 1.What is the event or issue that inspired the cartoon? 2.Are there any real people in the cartoon? Who are they? 3.Are there symbols in the cartoon? What are they and what do they represent? 4.What is the cartoonist’s viewpoint/opinion about the topic portrayed in the cartoon? 5.Do you agree or disagree with the cartoonist’s opinion? Why?

31. Directions: With a partner, discuss the popular symbols you see in the political cartoon below. What do you think is the message of this cartoon?

51. Cartoon Analysis worksheet: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/historyofus/teachers/pdfs/segment8-5.pdf?mii=1