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Time Dilation. Relative Time  Special relativity predicts that events seen as simultaneous by one observer are not simultaneous to an observer in motion.

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Presentation on theme: "Time Dilation. Relative Time  Special relativity predicts that events seen as simultaneous by one observer are not simultaneous to an observer in motion."— Presentation transcript:

1 Time Dilation

2 Relative Time  Special relativity predicts that events seen as simultaneous by one observer are not simultaneous to an observer in motion.  The notion that the passage of time is constant for all observers must not exist.  The speed of light is the true constant of motion.

3 Light Clock  Einstein’s postulate is that the speed of light is constant in all inertial frames. Light to keep timeLight to keep time

4 Moving Clock  The light on the moving rocket takes a longer path. Rocket speed v Distance L’ Moving time  t’

5 Dilation  The apparent time is longer on the moving rocket.

6 Gamma Factor  The relation between the two times is known as the Lorentz factor.

7 Proper Time  The clock at rest with an observer keeps proper time. Always shortest timeAlways shortest time  Time dilation has been confirmed experimentally. Particle decayParticle decay

8 The Twin Paradox  Spedo travels to Planet X and returns. Planet X: 20 light years from earth Rocket speed: 0.95c  This is an example of a thought experiment.  Consider twins Gozlo and Spedo. Gozlo stays on Earth.

9 The Twins’ Perspectives Gozlo’s view  Spedo traveled 21 years to X and returned. So Gozlo has aged 42 years.  Spedo is time dilated with a slow clock and sees 13 years go by.  Spedo is younger than Gozlo when they meet again. Spedo’s view  Spedo thinks he was at rest.  Gozlo and the Earth raced away and then headed back.  The paradox – which twin is the traveler and which is really older?

10 Paradox Resolved  Relativity applies to reference frames moving at uniform speeds. Gozlo and the Earth are inertialGozlo and the Earth are inertial Spedo accelerates at X to turn aroundSpedo accelerates at X to turn around  Gozlo gets to make the time measurements. Gozlo proper time of 42 yearsGozlo proper time of 42 years Spedo proper time of 13 yearsSpedo proper time of 13 years  There is no true paradox since Spedo is not in an inertial frame. next


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