1. Magnets Attilio Milanese Doing Business with CERN
Cyprus Chamber of Commerce & Industry
20 May 2014

2. A unique accelerator complex…
20 May 2014
Attilio Milanese

3. … full of magnets! 20 May 2014 Attilio Milanese
163 warm magnets
9458 cold magnets
(3.1 km)
398 magnets
(2.6 km)
315 magnets
1425 magnets
(876 m)
119 magnets
264 magnets
59 magnets
magnets
30+44 magnets
245 magnets
44 magnets
About 3300 in the LHC injectors, plus experimental areas, antiproton chain and CTF3.
20 May 2014
Attilio Milanese

4. Magnets take about 70% of CERN accelerators.
Proton Synchrotron
Booster
Super Proton Synchrotron
Large Hadron Collider
20 May 2014
Attilio Milanese

5. From hummingbirds to elephants…
LINAC4 quadrupole
1 kg, 60x60x80 mm
Spectrometer magnet in East Hall
65 tons, 750 kW
20 May 2014
Attilio Milanese

6. An example: LEIR (Low Energy Ion Ring)
4 dipoles 60 tons each 132 kW each to “bend” the particles
20 quadrupoles
3.5 tons each
13 kW each
to “focus” the particles
20 May 2014
Attilio Milanese

7. Technologies for particle accelerator magnets
Resistive
At CERN ≈ 4800 installed resistive magnets (≈ tons) in more than 400 families, plus ≈ 1500 stored magnets.
They are the workhorses of all CERN accelerators but the LHC (though there are resistive magnets in the LHC).
Permanent magnets
At CERN just “a few ones”, ≈ 110 permanent magnet quadrupoles in the LINAC4, a few others for experiments.
Superconducting
At CERN ≈ 9500 installed superconducting magnets (about tons, without counting the detector magnets).
They are the heart of the LHC.
The magnet technology is mostly dictated by the required magnetic field level.
In the next slides we focus on resistive magnets.
20 May 2014
Attilio Milanese

8. Anatomy of a resistive magnet: a dipole
magnetic field for the particle beam
iron yoke
coil
iron yoke
coil
ancillaries
magnet + =
20 May 2014
Attilio Milanese

9. Anatomy of a resistive magnet: a few types
2 poles = dipole
4 poles = quadrupole
6 poles = sextupole
20 May 2014
Attilio Milanese

10. Competences for yoke manufacturing
For laminated yokes:
stamping of laminations in a press
gluing (curing in an oven) / welding a stacking of laminations to form a solid piece
some machining (drilling, milling)
For solid yokes:
machining from a solid piece of iron, usually milling or EDM
In both cases:
check the mechanical tolerances, typically in the ± 20 micron range (CMM, vertical column, project specific tooling)
Often some very specific operations are sub-contracted to specialists, for example the stamping.
precision mechanics
20 May 2014
Attilio Milanese

11. Competences for coil manufacturing
For classical epoxy-impregnated coils:
wrapping of conductor insulation
winding of the coil (winding machine plus coil specific mandrel)
impregnating the coil (oven and vacuum tank)
brazing of the electric / hydraulic terminals
testing (mostly electric) of the coil
20 May 2014
Attilio Milanese

12. Competences for overall magnet assembly
some more design work with respect to yoke and coil manufacturing (where it’s required mostly for the toolings)
precision mechanics in case an assembly of the yoke in several parts is needed
dimensional controls on the magnet, tools similar to what needed for the yoke
testing, mostly electric
insulation resistance to ground
turn-to-turn insulation resistance
resistance and inductance
pressure testing of the cooling circuit
flow rate check of the cooling circuit
20 May 2014
Attilio Milanese

13. Industry and resistive magnets at CERN: examples
Consolidation program
spare coils
spare magnets
electric / hydraulic connections
Upgrades
new magnet yokes for energy saving in existing machines
upcoming beam lines requiring magnets (ex. HIE-ISOLDE, LINAC4)
Development (without considering the superconducting world)
magnetic characterization of steel
yoke manufacturing and assembly techniques
radiation hardness of coil insulation
technology of hydraulic connections
magnets for future accelerators
electric testing devices
20 May 2014
Attilio Milanese

14. Resistive magnets for new machines: examples
ELENA
​Extra Low ENergy Antiproton
SESAME members:
Bahrain
Cyprus
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Jordan
Pakistan
Palestinian Authority
Turkey
SESAME
Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science & Applications in the Middle East
20 May 2014
Attilio Milanese

15. Magnet: from “the Magnesian stone” Magnesia, region in Thessaly
Conclusion
Magnet: from “the Magnesian stone” Magnesia, region in Thessaly
Magnesia: not that far…
20 May 2014
Attilio Milanese

16. Conclusion
Cyprus: island of Aphrodite and copper Copper from Latin aes Cyprium, metal of Cyprus
Shepherd's crook, ca. 2000–1900 B.C.
Cypriot; said to be from Kourion
Copper-based metal
20 May 2014
Attilio Milanese

17. eυχαριστώ (efharistó)
CERN welcomes opportunities to work together in magnet related technology.
thank you
eυχαριστώ (efharistó)
20 May 2014
Attilio Milanese