1. Energy and metabolism Biology 122 Genes and Development

2. Energy

3. AB Loss of electron (oxidation) AB A+A+ B–B– Gain of electron (reduction) e–e– + + lower energyhigher energy

9. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

10. a. Rate of Reaction 304050607080 Temperature of Reaction (C) Optimum temperature for human enzyme Optimum temperature for enzyme from hotsprings prokaryote Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

11. a. b. Rate of Reaction Optimum pH for pepsin Rate of Reaction pH of Reaction Optimum pH for trypsin 123456789 304050607080 Temperature of Reaction (C) Optimum temperature for human enzyme Optimum temperature for enzyme from hotsprings prokaryote

13. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Initial substrate Enzyme1 Enzyme2 Enzyme3 Enzyme4

14. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Initial substrate Intermediate substrate A Enzyme1 Enzyme2 Enzyme3 Enzyme4

15. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Initial substrate Intermediate substrate A Intermediate substrate B Enzyme1 Enzyme2 Enzyme3 Enzyme4

16. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Initial substrate Intermediate substrate A Intermediate substrate B Intermediate substrate C Enzyme1 Enzyme2 Enzyme3 Enzyme4

17. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Initial substrate Intermediate substrate A Intermediate substrate B Intermediate substrate C End product Enzyme1 Enzyme2 Enzyme3 Enzyme4

18. a.b. Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 End product Initial substrate Intermediate substrate A Intermediate substrate B Initial substrate Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.