1. Acid-Base Reactions and Titrations Chemistry

2. Examples of Acid-Base Rxns HNO 3 + KOH  H 2 O + KNO 3 H 2 SO 4 + 2 NH 4 OH  (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 + 2 H 2 O LiOH + HF  H 2 O + LiF

3. Neutralization Acids & Bases react to produce:  Water  A Salt Called a neutralization reaction

4. Neutralization Ratios – Stoichiometry Acids & bases are neutralized when:  Equal # of H + and OH - ions HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H 2 O(l) 1 mol 2 mol1 mol2 mol H 2 SO 4 (aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na 2 SO 4 (aq) + 2H 2 O(l) 2HCl(aq) + Ca(OH) 2 (aq) → CaCl 2 (aq) + 2H 2 O(l) 2 mol1 mol 2 mol

5. Titrations Titration- Adding a controlled amount of a known solution to an unknown solution Uses an indicator Useful for determining the concentration of an unknown solution

6. More on Titrations Equivalence Point- The point at which neutralization occurs  Also called the End Point

7. Titration Equation and problem: 2 KOH + H 2 SO 4  K 2 SO 4 + 2 H 2 O If 30 mL of 3 M KOH is needed to titrate 10 mL of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), what is the molarity of the sulfuric acid? Mol AMol B Mol Ratio From Balanced Chemical Equation Molarity B M = mol/L Molarity A M = mol/L

8. Titration Equation and problem: 2 HF + Ba(OH) 2  BaF 2 + 2 H 2 O How many L of 1 M HF is needed to titrate 2 L of 6 M Ba(OH) 2 ? Mol AMol B Mol Ratio From Balanced Chemical Equation Molarity B M = mol/L Molarity A M = mol/L

9. Titration Equation and problem: 50.0 mL of 2.0 M NaOH is needed to neutralize 40.0 mL of H 3 PO 4. What is the molarity of the H 3 PO 4 ? Mol AMol B Mol Ratio From Balanced Chemical Equation Molarity B M = mol/L Molarity A M = mol/L

10. 1. How many mol of HNO 3 are needed to neutralize 20.0 mol of Ca(OH) 2 ? 2. 30.0 mL of 0.5 M LiOH can neutralize how many mL of 1.5 M HCl? 3. How many mL of 2.5 M Ba(OH) 2 are needed to neutralize 40.0 mL of 6 M HBr? 4. 80.0 g of NaOH pellets are added to 1.00 L of water. How many L of 0.50 M H 2 SO 4 is needed to neutralize the NaOH solution?

11. 1) What is the pH of a solution if the [OH -1 ] is 4.5 x 10 -8 M? 2) What is the hydrogen ion concentration of a pH 5.9 solution? 3) How many mL of 0.15 M KOH would it take to neutralize 25 mL of 0.24 M HCl? 4) What would be the pH of a solution of 20.0 g of NaOH in 600 mL of water? (NaOH is a strong base) 5) How many moles of H 2 SO 4 would it take to neutralize 0.75 moles of LiOH? 6) If it took 29.5 mL of 0.1 M HCl to neutralize 23.5 mL of Ca(OH) 2, what is the concentration of the Ca(OH) 2 ?