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Chapter 17 Therapy
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An emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties. psychotherapy
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Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient’s nervous system. biomedical therapy
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An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy. eclectic approach
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Therapeutic technique developed by Freud. He believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transference—and the therapist’s interpretations of them—released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight. psychoanalysis
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In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material. resistance
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In psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight. interpretation
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In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent). transference
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A humanistic therapy developed by Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate clients’ growth. (Also called person-centered therapy) client-centered therapy
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Empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy. active listening
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Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. behavior therapy
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A behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning. (includes exposure therapy and aversive conditioning) counterconditioning
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Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid. exposure therapies
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A type of counter-conditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias. Systematic desensitization
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An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking. Virtual reality exposure therapy
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A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol). aversive conditioning
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An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats. token economy
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Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions. cognitive therapy
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A popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior). Cognitive-behavior therapy
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Therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication. family therapy
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The tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back toward their average. Regression toward the mean
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A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies. meta-analysis
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The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior. psychopharmacology
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Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors. tardive dyskinesia
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A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
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The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
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Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior. psychosurgery
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A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotions or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain. lobotomy
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