What is Myth? Dean Stevens Peer Teaching Classical Mythology Unit
What is Myth? Fact or Fiction? μύθος Characteristics of Myth Culture Specific or Universal? Why Myth? Is Myth Science? Religion? Something Else? Theories/Classification of Myth?
Characteristics of Myth Supernatural Stories involving gods, and/or heroes Originally Oral Tradition Cultural World View/Prehistory Can change, No Set Story Can have several versions Can be contradictory Written myth is the end of a very long evolutionary process
Myth in Greek Culture Anthropomorphic Polytheism Humanism Individualism Competitiveness
Anthropomorphic Polytheism
Humanism Protagoras: “Man is the measure of all things…” Bonnie Tyler: “I need a Hero…”
Individualism What about me??? Achilles is about to kill Penthesileia, the Amazon Queen at Troy: Large Athenian amphora,c.540 BC, found at Vulci in Etruria.Large Athenian amphora
Competitiveness Achilles: Glory or Obscurity?
Are Myths Universal? Flood Myth Hero Archetypes Creation Myth
Why Myth? To Entertain To explain the unexplainable Retelling Prehistory
Why Myth?: Ancient Greeks 6 th Century BCE Scientific Observation Theagnes of Rhegion (c. 525 BCE): --Gods are symbolic of natural processes Anaxagoras : gods can’t be taken literally Xenophanes: gods are immoral and are fashioned in our own image Euhermerus of Messene 300 BCE: Fiction: Gods were mortal kings
Why Myth?: Modern Interpretation 2 types of Theories: External/Internal External: Environmental Internal: Comes from within us
External Theories of Myth Nature Myth Theory Ritual Myth Theory Etiological Theory
Internal Theory Freudian Theory Wish fulfillment/violation of taboos Dionysos is Id—repression of Dionysos leads to perversion and violent outbreaks Explains tragedy. Doesn’t Explain ancient cultural roots of many myths
Internal Theory Carl Jung Archetypal Myths Myths similar to dreams Claude Levi-Strauss Structuralism: World is a reflection of mind’s binary organization (good vs. evil, light vs. dark) Myth deals with reconciliation of opposites Divine will versus human ambition
Classifying Myth Cosmology/Cosmogony/Creation Myth Hesiod Theogony
Classifying Myth Allegory/Symbol The Castration of Uranus: fresco by Vasari & Cristofano Gherardi c. 1560