OPERATION MARKET GARDEN Alex Biegaj & Sara Reed

Key Dates ❖ “ Operation Market-Garden took place between September 17 and 25, 1944, during World War II ( ).” ❖ Two sides: Allies vs. Germans

People to know Allies ●Field Marshal Bernard MontgomeryField Marshal Bernard Montgomery ●Lieutenant General Brian Horrocks ●Major General Roy Urquhart ●Brigadier General James GavinBrigadier General James Gavin ●Major General Maxwell Taylor ●Brigadier General Stanislaw Sosabowski ●XXX Corps, 3 airborne divisions, 1 airborne brigade

People to Know pt.2 German forces ●Field Marshal Walter ModelField Marshal Walter Model ●Colonel General Kurt Student ●Field Marshal Gerd von RundstedtField Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt ●Approximately 20,000 men on German’s side

Sunday September 17th Monday September 18th Tuesday September 19th Wednesday September 20th Thursday September 21st Friday September 22nd Monday September 25th Wednesday September 27th Timeline General Dwight Eisenhower, supreme commander of Allied Forces in Europe, approves General Montgomery’s Operation Market Garden Operation Market Garden is activated. Parachute landings take place at Eindhoven, Veghel, Grae and Oosterbeek. The US 101st airborne Division landing at Eindhoven and Veghel are successful in their capturing of bridges British paratroopers landings at Arnhem run straight into the 9th and 10th SS Panzer Divisions who are in the area ongoing refitting. The bridge at Arnhem is captured by British forces but the group is quickly cut off from help by the Germans. The british XXX Corps fights its way through a dedicated German resistance up the artery road leading to Eindhoven. They finally unite with the 101st Airborne forces having landed at Eindhoven and Veghel. The British XXX Corps officially unites with US 82nd Airborne Division forces having landed at Grave The US 82nd Airborne, backed by the British XXX Corps, take the bridge over the Waal River at Nijmegen British XXX Corps is delayed a full day from reaching beleaguered paratrooper forces at Arnhem. British paratroopers at Arnhem give up control of their bridge against a stronger German foe and instead concentrate on surviving by utilizing the town of Arnhem itself as a defense. Elements of the Polish Parachute Brigade, delayed multiple times from earlier participation in the operation finally land southern arnhem. Their mission is to reinforce the battered British 1st Airborne Division. At Arnhem, some 6,000 Allied soldiers are taken prisoner by the Germans. A further 1,000 lay dead from the fighting The Polish parachute brigade is forced to surrender at Arnhem. South of Arnhem, allied forces continue to hold their gains. Over the next few months, some 3,500 casualties will be counted.

- Occurred immediately during the war -Occupied large groupings/ fleets of the British military -Occupied German military fleets (Not as many as British forces) Between 15,130 and 17,200 allies killed, wounded, and captured(adds to death and wound count within WWII) -Operation failed due to intelligence failures, overly optimistic planning, poor weather, and the lack of tactical initiative from commanders -Allied forces drastic abandonment of efforts -Because of failure, the Nijmegen Salient had to be defended Relationship to WWII

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THESIS Throughout Operation Market Garden, rationality was substituted for the easiest potential outcome and in the process risked the lives of thousands of allies.

How well were you paying attention? ●Germany Vs._______? ●True or False: The forces moved from South to North? ●True or False? The Russians surrendered?

Works Cited