بســــــــم الله الرحمن الرحيــــــــم. Chapter 7 Dr. Mohammed Owais Qureshi Hashmi.

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بســــــــم الله الرحمن الرحيــــــــم

Chapter 7 Dr. Mohammed Owais Qureshi Hashmi

Accounting Function of Business Every business needs to generate wealth. In order to generate wealth business needs to control; 1. Costs, تكاليف 2. Revenue and Profit This is done through Accounting function من الأعمال ظيفة المحاسبة كل الأعمال تحتاج إلى توليد الثروة. من أجل توليد الثروة الأعمال يحتاج للسيطرة؛ الإيرادات والأرباح يتم ذلك من خلال وظيفة المحاسبة

Accounting Function of Business Cost: Cost in Accounting language is value of resources used in assets or expenses. Normally there are two types of costs. Fixed Cost Variable Cost التكلفة في المحاسبة هي لغة قيمة الموارد المستخدمة في الأصول أو المصروفات التكلفة الثابتة متغير تكلفة كلف

Accounting Function of Business Fixed Cost This type of cost remains the same at all levels of output. Variable Cost This type of cost increases as output increases. هذا النوع من التكاليف لا يزال هو نفسه في جميع مستويات الانتاج. هذا النوع من الزيادات في التكاليف مع زيادة الانتاج

Accounting Function of Business Total Cost Total cost of a business in sum of fixed cost and variable cost as shown in the following equation. Total Cost (TC) = Fixed Cost (FC) + Variable Cost (VC) التكلفة الإجمالية للعمل في مجموع التكاليف الثابتة والتكاليف المتغيرة كما هو موضح في المعادلة التالية.

Accounting Function of Business Profit and Loss Once the costs are taken into account now business needs to know whether it made any profit or went into losses. Profit is calculated as follows. Profit = Total Revenue (TR) – Total Cost (TC) إجمالي الإيراداتالتكلفة الكلية لل

Accounting Function of Business Profit and Loss Account Business measures its profit or loss by compiling profit and loss account. This is a summary of 1.all business transactions 2.and shows flow of expenditures and income in a trading period. حساب الأرباح والخسائر يقيس الأعمال أرباحها أو الخسارة من خلال تجميع حساب الأرباح والخسائر. هذا هو موجز لل جميع المعاملات التجارية يظهر تدفق النفقات والإيرادات في فترة التداول

Accounting Function of Business The Balance Sheet Balance sheet provides information on assets of a business, its liabilities and Capital on a particular date, normally at the last day of trading period. Balance sheet equation is as follows. Assets = Liabilities + Capital والميزانية العمومية على موجودات الشركة والتزاماتها ورأس المال في تاريخ معين، وعادة في اليوم الأخير من فترة التداول الأصول = الالتزامات + رأس المال

Accounting Function of Business Assets: This is value of resources that business owns. Assets are used in production. Normally there are two categories of assets 1.Current assets. These are cash, raw material etc. 2.Fixed assets. These are machinery, building etc. Liabilities: These are debts of a business which it owes to other business, individuals and institutions. There are two types of liabilities. Short term liabilities: These are bank overdraft, suppliers’ invoices outstanding etc. These are repaid within accounting period. Long term liabilities: These are mortgage loan or lease financing and repaid over a number of years. These liabilities are secured against business machinery or building. الأصول: وهذا هو قيمة الموارد التي تملك الأعمال التجارية. وتستخدم الأصول في الإنتاج. المطلوبات: هذه هي ديون على الشركة التي تدين لها لأخرى المدى القصير الخصوم الالتزامات طويلة الأجل هذه هي السحب على المكشوف المصرفي، وفواتير الموردين الخ المعلقة يتم تسديدها خلال هذه الفترة المحاسبية. يتم تأمين هذه الالتزامات ضد الماكينات عمل أو بناء.

Accounting Function of Business Example of Balance sheet. Balance sheet as at 30 September 2010 (SR 000) Fixed Assets Premises1,200 Fixtures and fittings1,100 Equipment 700 3,000 Current Assets Stocks 800 Debtors 500 Cash at Bank 4001,700 Current Liabilities Trade creditors 200 Other Liabilities 300 Dividend Net Current Assets (Working Capital)1,000 Total Assets4,000 Long term liabilities Mortgage1,100 Bank Loan 2001,300 Net Assets2,700 Capital and Reserves Ordinary share (2000,000 shares at SR 1)2,000 Retained Profit 7002,700