Reaction Prediction

You should already know... ionic, molecular, and acid nomenclature. how to balance chemical equations. the five common types of chemical reactions. how to use the activity series. the solubility rules and how to apply them. the molarity equation and how to use it. the dilution equation and how to use it.

Reactions in Solution In many chemical reactions in solution, only some of the dissolved components actually participate in the reaction and change as a result.

Reactions in Solution Chemical reactions as we have written them so far are called molecular equations. In a complete ionic equation, all substances that are strong electrolytes are written as ions.

Electrolyte a material that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electricity  material must produce sufficient ions to allow conduction

Strong Electrolytes solute present in solution as ions (completely dissociate) soluble salts, strong acids and strong bases NaCl in water NaCl  Na + + Cl -

Nonelectrolyte solute present in solution as molecules (disperse, but do not dissociate) molecular compounds in solution anything not in solution (like insoluble salts) Methanol (a molecular compound) in water

Weak Electrolyte solute partially ionizes in solution weak acids and weak bases

Strong electrolytes: soluble salts, strong acids and strong bases Weak electrolytes: weak acids and weak bases Nonelectrolytes: insoluble salts, molecular compounds, anything not in solution (labeled as solid, liquid, gas)

Reactions in Solution In a complete ionic equation, all substances that are strong electrolytes are written as ions. Strong electrolytes: soluble salts, strong acids and strong bases that are IN SOLUTION

Reactions in Solution Molecular equation: K 2 CrO 4 (aq) + Ba(NO 3 ) 2 (aq)  BaCrO 4 (s) + 2KNO 3 (aq) Complete ionic equation:

Reactions in Solution Complete ionic equations reveal that some of the ions in solution do not participate in the reaction. In other words, they are identical as a reactant and as a product. These are called spectator ions.

K 2 CrO 4 (aq) + Ba(NO 3 ) 2 (aq)  BaCrO 4 (s) + 2KNO 3 (aq)

Reactions in Solution When spectator ions are removed and the equation is rewritten, only those ions that actually participated in the reaction are now shown. This is called a net ionic equation.

Reactions in Solution 2K + + CrO Ba NO 3 -  BaCrO 4 + 2K + + 2NO 3 - Net ionic equation:

Reaction Prediction Solutions of potassium bromide and lead (II) nitrate are mixed.

Aqueous calcium acetate and lithium carbonate are mixed. Reaction Prediction

An ammonium chloride solution is added to a solution of zinc sulfate. Reaction Prediction

Magnesium turnings are added to a solution of lead (II) acetate.

Solid sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of hypochlorous acid. Reaction Prediction

A piece of lithium metal is dropped into a container of nitrogen gas.

Reaction Prediction Aluminum shavings are added to a potassium hydroxide solution.