Cranial OutflowCranial NerveGanglionEffectors Occulomotor (III) Ciliary (eye orbits)  Innervates smooth muscle of the Eye  Causes pupil to constrict; lens to bulge Facial (VII) Pterygopalatine  Submandibular  Stimulates the Salivary, nasal Stimulates lacrimal glands Glossopharynge al (IX) OticActivates Parotid (salivary) glands Innervation of head by CN Vagus (X) Cardiac Plexus- in thorax (heart –slows rate) Pulmonary and Esophageal Plexuses From esophagus into abdominal cavity – Aortic plexus (liver, gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, kidneys, pancreas, proximal Large intestine Heart, lungs, and most visceral organs Sacral Outflow S 2 -S 4 Located within the walls of the target organs As axons leave the lateral gray matter (via ventral horn) to ventral rami forms pelvic splanchnic nerves and pass through the pelvic plexus Distal Large intestine, urinary bladder, ureters, and reproductive organs

OrganPS response Iris of Eye sphincter pupillae muscles constrict pupils Salivary Glands secretion of saliva Nasal, Pancreas, lacrimal glands stimulates secretory activity Heart Muscle decreases rate or slows heart Lungs constricts bronchioles Digestive tract increases motility (peristalsis); relaxes sphincters Penis causes erection Sweat, Adrenal, Blood vessels, adipose tissue, metabolism No effect

OrganEffects Iris of the Eye stimulates the dilator pupillae muscles cause dilation of the pupil Salivary Glands secretion of thick, viscous mucus Nasal, Lacrimal and Pancreas inhibits secretory activity Heart Muscle increases rate and force Lungs dilates bronchioles Digestive Tract decreases activities of glands and muscles Penis and Vagina ejaculation; increases mucus secretion and contraction of the vagina Adipose stimulates lipolysis Cellular Metabolism increases metabolic rate