SEEING THROUGH A LENS.  We see the world through lenses.  Eye glasses = lenses. Contact lenses = lenses.  Magnifying glasses = lenses. Microscopes.

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Presentation transcript:

SEEING THROUGH A LENS

 We see the world through lenses.  Eye glasses = lenses. Contact lenses = lenses.  Magnifying glasses = lenses. Microscopes = lenses. Camera = lenses.

 What about individuals that do not need visual aids? Yes, they still see the world through lenses in their eyes. A lens!!

2 TYPES  Convex (Converging) Lens  Parallel light rays converge (come to a single point) after refraction through the lens.  Concave (Diverging) Lens  Parallel light rays diverge (move away from each other) after refraction from the lens.

NOTE  These rules only apply to THIN lenses  Refraction (Lateral displacement) would occur otherwise.

ANOTHER VIEW

CONVEX LENS  F = Primary Focus (2 x F = 2F)  O = Optical Centre  F’ = Secondary Focus (2 x F’ = 2F’); located on same side as incident rays

CONVEX CHARACTERISTIC RAYS  Any incident ray passing through the Secondary Focus will…  REFRACT PARALLEL TO THE PRINCIPAL AXIS

CONVEX CHARACTERISTIC RAYS  Any incident ray passing through the Optical Centre will…  PASS UNDEVIATED (STRAIGHT THROUGH)

CONVEX CHARACTERISTIC RAYS  An incident ray parallel to the principal axis will…  REFRACT THROUGH THE PRIMARY FOCUS

CONVEX CHARACTERISTIC RAYS  Any incident ray passing through 2F’ will…  REFRACT THROUGH 2F

PREDICTING IMAGES IN A CONVEX LENS  Object located beyond 2F’  Where is the image?  The object appears to come where the light originates from.  The image is also located where all the rays come together.

LOST (LAST)  Location: Between F & 2F  Attitude/Orientation: Inverted  Size: Smaller than object  Type: Real (Different from Mirrors)

CONCAVE CHARACTERISTIC RAYS  Any incident ray parallel to the principal axis will…  REFRACT AS IF IT HAD PASSED THROUGH THE PRIMARY FOCUS

CONCAVE CHARACTERISTIC RAYS  Any incident ray moving toward the Secondary Focus will…  REFRACT PARALLEL TO THE PRINCIPAL AXIS

CONCAVE CHARACTERISTIC RAYS  Any incident ray passing through the Optical Centre will…  PASS UNDEVIATED (GO STRAIGHT THROUGH)

PREDICTING IMAGES IN A CONCAVE LENS  Object located beyond 2F  Where is the image? All the refracted rays diverge!  If the rays diverge, the image is where the refracted rays appear to meet in the opposite direction!

LOST (LAST)  Location: Same side as object  Attitude (Orientation): Upright  Size: Smaller than object  Type: Virtual (Different from Mirrors)