Translation Concept, History and Development. Lecture -1- Translation Concept, History and Development.

The Concept of Translation Intralingual Translation (rewording): the translation of word-signs by means of other verbal signs within the same language. Interlingual Translation (translation proper): the interpretation of verbal signs in one language by means of some other language. Intersemiotic Translation (transmutation):the interpretation of verbal signs by means of non-verbal sign systems such as gestural, mathematical or musical systems. Mehrash, 2003

What is Translation Studies? When has the study of translation as an academic subject begun? 1- The English-Speaking World. 2- The Arabic and Islamic World. The proliferation of Specialized translation & interpreting courses The proliferation of Associations, conferences, books and journals on translation. The Dutch-based US scholar James Holmes (1972/ 1988) Snell-Hornby 1995 Baker 1998

History of the Discipline Translations of the scriptures. An element of modern language learning courses. The North American translation workshop. Comparative literature Contrastive analysis Richards 1920 Nida 1964 Catford 1965

Holmes’s Map Translation Studies Pure Applied theoretical descriptive General partial product Process function oriented oriented oriented translator translation translation training aids criticism medium area rank text-type time problem restricted rest. rest. rest. rest. rest.

The Applied Branch of TS. Translator Translation aids Translation training criticism Teaching testing curriculum revision review ev. methods techniques design evaluation of translations CAT tools dictionaries grammars machine translation online use of translation software databases internet

Interdisciplinarity of the field Linguistic Modern languages and language studies Comparative literature Cultural studies Philosophy Sociology and history